During Lent, practicing Christians actively reflect on the Passion of the Lord Jesus Christ, remembering His great sacrifice made for the sake of all humanity. In fact, not all Christians fully understand what the Passion of Christ is, when it began, and also why everything happened the way it did. The Passion of Christ is His trials that began after entering Jerusalem, which became the trigger point for the torment of Jesus. Although outwardly the entry of the Lord into Jerusalem was very solemn, had a bright festive color, this holiday had a very tragic character, which was proved by the events that happened next.
Photo: Flickr.com
Everything you need to know about the Passion of Christ
Considering in detail the topic of Christ's Passion, it is worth saying that the terrible torment of Jesus began with his solemn entry into Jerusalem. On that day, almost everyone perceived Jesus as a King and rejoiced at his arrival, regardless of the discontent of the high priests and teachers of that time. People laid not only palm branches, but also their own clothes under the feet of the Savior, who came to save them, to prove their respect. People's joy and admiring shouts turned into complete discontent in a couple of days, and people who saw Jesus as a true King turned into an angry crowd wanting to see Jesus die on the cross.
One can debate for a long time why it happened there, but most likely, the admiring shouts turned into hatred and a desire to crucify the Savior for the following reasons:
- the people expected to see in Jesus a political leader who could ensure a comfortable existence and free them from previous laws, and not a savior of the soul;
- people expected that Jesus would take the rule of Israel into His hands, but they did not expect to hear that His Kingdom was not of this world;
- The Kingdom preached by Jesus did not promise physical benefits, money, a luxurious life, or an end to the persecution of the Israeli people, so people came to the conclusion that such a Ruler would definitely not be of any use to them.
At a time when people were expecting earthly victory, Jesus invited them to comprehend the Kingdom of Heaven in order to be with the Lord forever. Of course, not receiving what they expected, people were fired up with incredible hatred from within and were ready to give Jesus to death, which is what ultimately happened. Even though on the day of his triumphal entry into Jerusalem, Jesus was surrounded by a crowd, He gradually seeks solitude, because He knows what the future awaits Him. Completely alone, Christ remained precisely on the night of Gethsemane, when after the Last Supper he went out into the garden to pray. It was at this moment that a series of His torments and sufferings began, which ended in death.
Full text of the Akathist to the Passion of Christ in Russian
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Kontakion 1
Chosen by the Voivode and Lord of Heaven and earth, You, the Immortal King, hanging on the Cross, all creation changed, the sky was terrified, the foundations of the earth were shaken. But we, who are unworthy, bring Your grateful worship to us for the sake of suffering, crying out to You with the thief: Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come in Your Kingdom.
Ikos 1
Replenishing the angels of the face, you did not receive from the Angel, but for my sake, this God, who was a man, died of sins with the life-giving Body and Blood
By yours you have revived; In the same way, give thanks to the capital of Your love, crying out to You:
Jesus God, Eternal Love, has been pleased with us earth-born creatures;
Jesus, immeasurable mercy, descended to fallen people.
Jesus, who clothed himself in our flesh, and by His death destroyed the empire;
Jesus, you deify us with Your Divine Mysteries.
Jesus, through Your suffering and Your Cross you have redeemed the whole world;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 2
Seeing Thee in the helitown of Gethsemane, sweating bloodily in prayer, appearing to strengthen Thee, when the heavy burden of our sins weighed down on You: for you, Adam who perished on the frame, You presented to the Father, kneeling in prayer. For this reason I sing to You with faith and love: Alleluia.
Ikos 2
A mind that cannot comprehend Your free suffering did not understand the Jews: for this reason, always in the night with the lamps you proclaimed to those who were looking for You: I am, even though I had fallen to the earth, but for this reason I bound You, leading you to the judgment; We, on this path, falling to You, call with love:
Jesus, Light of the world, hated by the evil world;
Jesus, living in the Unapproachable Light, removed from the region of darkness.
Jesus, the Immortal Son of God, designated from the son of destruction to death;
Jesus, in Him there is no flattery, kissed by the traitor with flattery.
Jesus, give Yourself tuna to everyone, sold for pieces of silver;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 3
By the power of Your Divinity, You prophesied threefold rejection of the disciple. Therefore, even if he had renounced You with an oath, he, however, when he saw You in the courtyard of the bishops, his Lord and Teacher, was touched in his heart, and went out crying bitterly: “Look then upon me, Lord, and strike my cruel heart, and with your tears with mine I will wash away my sins, singing to You: Alleluia.”
Ikos 3
Truly have power according to the order of Melchizedek, as a Bishop forever, you have become before the lawless high priest Caiaphas, Lord and Lord of all; Having suffered torment from Your servants, accept from us the following:
Jesus, priceless, purchased with a price, gain me for Your eternal inheritance; Jesus, the desire of all, from Peter, outcast for fear, do not reject me,
sinful.
Jesus, gentle Lamb, tormented by fierce boars, rescue me from my enemies;
Jesus, Bishop, who entered the Holy of Holies with Your Blood, cleanse me from the defilements of the flesh.
Jesus, bound, have the power to bind and decide, resolve my grave sins;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 4
The Jews breathing a storm of Christ-killing, having listened to the voice of the father of lies and murderer from time immemorial, the devil, rejected You, the right Path, Truth and Life; We are Thee, Christ, the power of God, in Him all the treasures of wisdom and reason are hidden, confessing, crying out: Alleluia.
Ikos 4
Hearing Your meek words, Pilate, like one worthy of death, delivered You up to be crucified, even though you yourself testified that you have not found a single guilt in You: defile your mind with your hands, but defile your heart; We, marveling at the mystery of Your free suffering, call with tenderness:
Jesus, Son of God and Son of the Virgin, martyred from the sons of iniquity;
Jesus, mocked and naked, give glory to the villages and clothe the sky with clouds.
Jesus, full of stripes, fed five thousand with five loaves;
Jesus, the King of all, received cruel torment instead of tribute to love and thanksgiving.
Jesus, for our sake you have been wounded all day, heal the wounds of our souls;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 5
You are all clothed with Your rich Blood, clothed in light, like a robe. We know, truly we know with the prophet, that Thy garments are scarlet: I, Lord, I have wounded Thee with my sins: For thee, for my wounded sake, I gratefully call: Alleluia.
Ikos 5
Having seen You in the soul of God-speaking Isaiah, filled with dishonor and wounds, he cried out in horror: “I saw Him, and had no form or kindness”; We, seeing You on the Cross, call with faith and wonder:
Jesus, endure dishonor, crown man with glory and honor;
Jesus, the angels cannot see on the Ungozhe, he is pierced by the forehead.
Jesus, struck on the head with a reed, bow my head in humility;
Jesus, Thy bright eyes, darkened with blood, turn away mine eyes,
see the bustle.
Jesus, who is not whole from head to foot, make me whole and healthy;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 6
Pilate appeared as a preacher of Your kindness, showing the people that nothing to be in You is worthy of death; but the Jews, like wild beasts who saw blood, gnashed their teeth at You, “Crucify, crucify Him,” crying out; We, kissing Your most pure wounds, call: Alleluia.
Ikos 6
Thou shalt shine forth in shame and astonishment, as Angel and man spoke of Thee to Pilate: “Behold, man.” Come, let us worship Jesus, who was mocked for our sake, crying out:
Jesus, Creator and Judge of all, judged and tormented by His creation;
Jesus, Giver of wisdom, giving no answer to the foolish.
Jesus, Physician of those wounded by sins, give me the medicine of repentance;
Jesus, smitten Shepherd, defeat the demons who tempt me.
Jesus, Thou of broken flesh, crush my heart with Thy fear;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 7
Though you might deliver man from the work of the enemy, you humbled yourself before your enemies, O Jesus, and, like a silent lamb, you were led to the slaughter, you endured plagues everywhere, and healed all man, calling: Alleluia.
Ikos 7
Thou hast shown wondrous long-suffering, when the soldiers, swearing at Thee, according to the words of the unrighteous judge, wounded Thy Most Pure Body with the most cruel wounds, as if it were stained with blood from the feet to the head. For this reason we cry out to You with tears:
Jesus, lover of mankind, from the man crowned with thorns;
Jesus, impassive in Divinity, endure passions and free us from passions.
Jesus, my Savior, save me, guilty of all torment;
Jesus, forsaken by all, my affirmation, strengthen me.
Jesus, offended by all, O my joy, make me glad:
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 8
Marvelously and strangely, Moses and Elijah appeared to You on Tabor, speaking about Your exodus, which You are now ending in Jerusalem. There, having seen Your glory, and here having seen our salvation, they call: Alleluia.
Ikos 8
Persecuted everywhere by the Jews, for the sake of the multitude of my sins, you endured reproach and torment: for one thing they say that you are contrary to Caesar, the friends condemn you as a villain, and others cry out: “Take, take, and crucify.” Condemned by all, and led to death, to You, Lord, from the depths of our souls we say:
Jesus, unjustly condemned, our Judge, do not judge us according to our deeds;
Jesus, I faint on the way under the Cross, my strength, in the hour of my sorrow and embitterment do not leave me.
Jesus, cry to the Father for help, my hero, strengthen me in my weakness;
Jesus, accept dishonor, My Glory, do not take me away from Your Glory.
Jesus, Image of the Most Illustrious Hypostasis of the Father, transform my unclean and gloomy life;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 9
All nature was in turmoil, it was in vain that You were hanged on the Cross, in heaven the sun hid its rays, the earth shook, the veil of the temple was torn, the stone disintegrated, the hell of the dead was poured out: we worship in the place where Your most pure nose stood, singing: Alleluia.
Ikos 9
The verses of many things, even if they speak a lot, are unable to render worthy thanksgiving to Thy Divine passion, O Lover of Mankind: but our soul and body, heart and all our limbs, cry out to Thee with tenderness:
Jesus, nail yourself to the Cross, nail and abolish the handwriting of our sins;
Jesus, stretch out your hand from the Cross to everyone, and draw me, the lost one, too.
Jesus, Door of the sheep, pierced in the ribs, lead me with Thy plagues into Thy palace;
Jesus, crucified in the flesh, crucify my flesh with its passions and lusts.
Jesus, die in agony, grant that my heart may not judge anything else, but You were crucified;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 10
You have saved the world, you have healed the blind, the lame, the lepers, the mute and the deaf, you have driven away the evil spirits; The foolish Jews, breathing malice and tormented by envy, nailed Thee to the Cross, not leading to sing: Alleluia.
Ikos 10
To the Eternal King, Jesus, who suffers all for my intemperance, so that you may make me all pure, give us an image in everything, so that we may follow Your footsteps, calling:
Jesus, unsearchable Love, we crucified You without committing sin;
Jesus, pray with a strong cry and with tears in Vertograd, teach us to pray too.
Jesus, having fulfilled all the prophecies about You, fulfill the good desires of our hearts;
Jesus, having commended Your spirit in the hands of the Father, at the hour of my departure, receive my spirit.
Jesus, you are not forbidden to share Your garments, meekly separate my soul from my body;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 11
Thy All-Immaculate Mother brought you an all-contrite song, saying: “Even though you suffered on the Cross, I know that you were born from the womb before the star of the Father, for I see that all creation will have compassion for you; commend your spirit to the Father, and receive my spirit and do not leave me, who calls: Alleluia.”
Ikos 11
Like a light-receiving light, at Your Cross, burning with love for You, and the Virgin Mother Immaculate, overcome by illness, I enter Your grave, the true Sun of Truth, from the outside of our hearts, accept the prayers:
Jesus, who ascended on the tree, and brought us fallen together to His Father;
Jesus, bestowed upon the Ever-Virgin as a Mother, teach us virginity and purity.
Jesus, You, who gave birth to God the Word, entrusted the disciple of the Theologian, entrust us all to Her Mother’s intercession;
Jesus, conqueror of peace and hell, conquer unbelief, worldly pride and the lust of the soul that lives in us.
Jesus, destroyer of death, deliver me from eternal death;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 12
Grant me Thy grace, Jesus, my God, accept me as Thou didst accept Joseph and Nicodemus, so that, like a clean shroud, I will bring My soul to Thee and anoint Thy Most Pure Body with the scent of virtues, and, as in the tomb, I have Thee in my heart, call: Alleluia.
Ikos 12
Singing Your free crucifixion, we worship Your passion, O Christ, we believe with the centurion that You are truly the Son of God, coming upon the clouds with much power and glory; Then do not disgrace us, redeemed by Your Blood and crying out like this:
Long-suffering Jesus, with the weeping of Thy Virgin Mother, Thy eternal weeping snatched us away;
Jesus, forsaken of all, do not leave me alone at the hour of my death.
Jesus, touching Your feet with Magdalene, receive me;
Jesus, with the traitor and those who were crucified, do not judge me.
Jesus, lead me into paradise with the prudent thief;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 13
O Jesus Christ, Lamb of God, take away the sins of the world, accept this little gratitude from all our souls offered to You and heal us with Your saving suffering from all mental and physical illnesses, protect us with Your Cross from enemies visible and invisible and at the end of our life do not leave having been delivered from eternal death by Thy death, we call to Thee: Alleluia.
This kontakion is read three times, then the 1st ikos “Standing of the Angels...” and the 1st kontakion “The Chosen Voevodo...”:
Ikos 1
Replenishing the angels of the ranks, you did not receive from the Angel, but for my sake, this God, having become a man, having died in sins with your life-giving Body and revived by Your Blood; In the same way, give thanks to the capital of Your love, crying out to You:
Jesus God, Eternal Love, has been pleased with us earth-born creatures;
Jesus, immeasurable mercy, descended to fallen people.
Jesus, who clothed himself in our flesh, and by His death destroyed the empire;
Jesus, you deify us with Your Divine Mysteries.
Jesus, through Your suffering and Your Cross you have redeemed the whole world;
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Kontakion 1
Chosen by the Voivode and Lord of Heaven and earth, You, the Immortal King, hanging on the Cross, all creation changed, the sky was terrified, the foundations of the earth were shaken. But we, who are unworthy, bring Your grateful worship to us for the sake of suffering, with the robber crying out to You:
Jesus, Son of God, remember us when You come into Your Kingdom.
Prayer to the Lord Jesus Crucified
Nailed on the Cross for us, Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God the Father, an inexhaustible abyss of mercy, love and generosity! We know that for the sake of my sins, out of unspeakable love for mankind, You deigned to shed Your Blood on the Cross, even though I, accursed and ungrateful, have trampled on my bad deeds and held them in vain. Therefore, from the depths of lawlessness and uncleanness, my mental eyes looked at You crucified on the Cross, my Redeemer, with humility and faith in the depths of the ulcers, filled with Your mercy, I cast myself down, asking for forgiveness of sins and the correction of my bad life. Be merciful to me, my Lord and Judge, do not cast me away from Your presence, but with Your omnipotent hand turn me to You and guide me on the path of true repentance, so that from now on I will lay the beginning of my salvation. By Thy divine sufferings tame my carnal passions; With Thy shed blood, cleanse my spiritual impurities; By Thy crucifixion crucify me to the world with its temptations and lusts; With Your cross, protect me from invisible enemies who are trapping my soul. With Thy pierced feet, forbid my feet from every evil way; With Thy pierced hands, restrain my hands from every deed that is displeasing to You. Nailed by the flesh, nail my flesh to Thy fear, so that, having turned away from evil, I do good before Thee. Having bowed Your head on the Cross, bow my exalted pride to the ground of humility; Protect my ears with Your crown of thorns, so that I may not hear the unprofitable; you who taste gall with your lips, put my unclean mouth under guard; Have a heart opened with a spear, create a pure heart in me; with all Your wounds, wound me all sweetly into Your love, so that I may love You, my Lord, with all my soul, with all my heart, with all my strength and with all my thoughts. Give me, strange and poor, where to bow my head; Give me the All-Good One, who delivers my soul from death; Give me Yourself, the All-Sweet One, who delights me in sorrows and misfortunes with His love, so that He whom I first hated, angered, drove out from myself and nailed to the Cross, this I will now love, rejoicing, I will accept and bear His sweet Cross until the end of my life. From now on, O my all-good Redeemer, do not allow a single will of mine to be fulfilled, since it is evil and indecent, lest I again fall into the hard work of the sin that reigned in me; but Your good will, which wants to save me, may it always be fulfilled in me, entrusting me to You, to You, my Crucified Lord, with the intelligent eye of my heart I imagine and pray from the depths of my soul, and even in my separation from my mortal body, You alone on the Cross I will see in Your hand accepting Your protection, and keeping me from the airy spirits of malice, and instilling with sinners who have pleased You with repentance. Amen.
A little about the chronology of Christ's passion
Photo: Pravkipr.ru
As mentioned above, it can be considered that the Passion of Jesus began with the entry into Jerusalem, but the main torment that led to death began precisely in the Garden of Gethsemane. After Christ went to the Garden of Gethsemane, the following events began:
- Having moved a short distance from the disciples, Christ begins to pray, asking them to watch;
- the disciple Judas brings the teachers of that time and soldiers to Christ, betraying Him with a kiss;
- after the Savior is taken away by soldiers, He goes to trial before Pilate;
- They mock Jesus, mock him, dress him in a crown of thorns, allow him to carry a heavy cross to Calvary;
- Jesus was crucified on the cross along with two thieves.
Photo: Elitsy.ru
Many thought that with the death of Jesus everything ended, there was no Kingdom of Heaven, no miracles of the Lord, and the crucified man was an impostor. Judging by the torment Jesus had to endure as a man, one might think that He really endures this because of His completely human nature and there can be no talk of any Divine origin. In fact, everything happened exactly so that the Son of the Lord would save humanity, and since this could be done precisely through torment, He had to endure the Passion and death.
Photo: Elitsy.ru
By His painful death on the cross, precisely as a man, Christ was able to reunite man with God for eternal life, which was His main mission. Jesus took upon himself all the consequences that sin brought to man, endured all the suffering in the human body, which lasted almost a whole week, so that everyone could now think about the consequences of bad deeds. Such a sacrifice of the Lord makes you think that it is still worth changing your life for the better, because even if reading the words about the Passion from the Gospel gives you goosebumps, then what feelings should everyone have, realizing that he crucifies Christ with his actions every day . The Passion of Christ has a very deep meaning, which everyone should understand in order to save their soul and finally reunite with God.
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The execution of Christ, even in the movies, was not easy
Actor James Caviezel, who played the role of Christ, complained that he had received a whip on the back inadvertently. A powerful blow cut his shoulder. To this day, the actor still has a 14-inch long scar on his back.
Caviezel didn’t have to figure out how to portray physical torture—he actually experienced it. His body was covered in blisters from the layers of makeup, and he couldn't sleep. The cross that Caviezel carried to Golgotha was not a fake one - it weighed about 70 kilograms. Although filming took place in winter, the actor was dressed only in a lion skin. Often he became so cold that he could not speak - his frozen face had to be warmed up so that he could move his lips even a little.
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The Passion of Christ (from Orthodox *strad-tь “suffering”) - according to the Gospels, a set of events that brought physical and spiritual suffering to Jesus Christ in the last days and hours of his earthly life. The Church remembers them in the last days before Easter , in Holy Week .
Memling Hans (c.1435-1494) Scenes from the Passion of Christ
A special place among the Passion of Christ is occupied by the events that occurred after the Last Supper: arrest, trial, scourging and execution. The Crucifixion is the culminating moment of the Passion of Christ. Christians believe that many of the Passion were predicted by the prophets of the Old Testament and by Jesus Christ himself.
Hieronymus Bosch. Scenes from the Passion of Christ and the Pelican with Her Young. Scenes from the Passion of Christ with a pelican (1485, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemaldegalerie, Berlin)
The events of the last week of Christ's earthly life, relating to his Passion, are known in the presentation of the four canonical gospels (except for the Descent into Hell, described in other texts). The evangelists compiled their own list of the events of the Passion.
This is what the list looks like, compiled taking into account the description of the last days of Christ’s earthly life in all four Gospels, illustrated with paintings by Dutch and Flemish artists:
Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem , Vaiy Week, Palm Sunday, Palm Sunday (lat. Dominica in Palmis de passione Domini) is a Christian holiday celebrated on the Sunday (Week) preceding Easter Week, that is, the sixth Week of Great Lent.
And they brought the colt to Jesus, and put their garments on it; Jesus sat on him. Many spread their clothes along the road; while others cut branches from trees and spread them along the road. Both those who preceded and those who accompanied them exclaimed: Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord! ...hosanna in the highest! And Jesus entered Jerusalem and into the temple... (Mark 11:7-11)
Jan van Scorel. Triptych with Jesus' entry into Jerusalem (Utrecht, Centraal Museum)
The Gospel of Matthew (21:1-7) tells that the apostles, at the direction of Jesus, take a colt and a donkey in Bethany (according to Jesus, the owners do not interfere with them). Jesus rides on a donkey into Jerusalem, where the people meet him, laying clothes and palm branches on the road with exclamations: “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!” (John 12:12). In the Temple of Jerusalem, Jesus overturns the tables of the money changers and livestock sellers, saying: “It is written, My house will be called a house of prayer; and you made it a den of thieves” (Matthew 21:13), which displeased the servants, but they did not dare take it, fearing the people.
Jacob Jordaens (1593–1678) Christ Driving the Merchants from the Temple (circa 1650, Louvre, Paris)
After this, the blind and lame come to Jesus, and he heals them (Matt. 21:14). Jesus leaves Jerusalem and spends the night in Bethany.
Supper at Bethany / Washing of Jesus' Feet by a Sinner - Wednesday
When Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came to Him with an alabaster vessel of precious ointment and poured it on His head as he reclined. (Matt. 26:6-7)
Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) Feast of Simon the Pharisee1618) and 1620State Hermitage Museum
The Anointing of Jesus with Myrrh is the common name for the episodes in the four Gospels that tell of the anointing of Jesus Christ with incense by a woman. The Gospels of Mark, Matthew and John include the anointing with chrism in the account of the Passion of Christ. According to the place of action in these Gospels, the episode of anointing is also called the Supper in Bethany; according to the scene of action in the Gospel of Luke - the Feast in the house of Simon the Pharisee. Catholic tradition has long identified the anointing woman with Mary Magdalene. In the Gospels of Mark and Matthew, the episode involves anointing the head, and in Luke and John, the washing of the feet.
Washing the disciples' feet - Thursday
Jesus, knowing that the Father had given everything into His hands, and that He had come from God and was going to God, stood up from the supper, took off His outer garment, and, taking a towel, girded Himself. Then he poured water into the washbasin and began to wash the disciples’ feet and dry them with the towel with which he was girded. (John 13:3-5)
Livens Jan (1607-1674). Christ washing the Disciples' Feet (1630-35)
Last Supper, the last meal of Jesus Christ with his disciples and apostles - Thursday
They went and found as he had told them, and prepared the Passover. And when the hour came, He lay down, and the twelve Apostles with Him. (Luke 22:13-14)
Ostsanen Jacob Cornelis van (1472-1533). Triptych with the Last Supper
At the Last Supper, Christ established the main sacrament of the Christian faith - the Eucharist (which translated from Greek means “thanksgiving”), during which all the faithful partake of the Body and Blood of Christ Himself. Without Communion, the Church teaches, there is no true Christian life; According to the faith of the Church, in this sacrament the most complete union of man with God occurs, as far as possible on earth.
The establishment of the sacrament of the Eucharist at the Last Supper is evidenced in sufficient detail in the Gospel of Matthew (26:20-30).
When evening came, He lay down with the twelve disciples; and while they were eating, he said, “Truly I say to you, that one of you will betray Me.” They were greatly saddened, and began to say to Him, each one of them: Is it not I, Lord? He answered and said, “He who dipped his hand into the dish with Me, this one will betray Me; However, the Son of Man comes, as it is written about Him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed: it would have been better for this man not to have been born. At this, Judas, who betrayed Him, said: Isn’t it me, Rabbi? Jesus says to him: You said. And while they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to the disciples, saying, “Take, eat: this is My Body.” And, taking the cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them and said: drink from it, all of you, for this is My Blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. But I tell you that from now on I will not drink of this fruit of the vine until the day when I drink new wine with you in the kingdom of My Father. And having sung, they went to the Mount of Olives.
The path to the Garden of Gethsemane and the prediction of the coming renunciation of the disciples Thursday
Behold, the hour is coming, and has already come, that you will scatter, each in his own direction, and leave Me alone. (John 16:32) They came to a village called Gethsemane; and He said to His disciples, Sit here while I pray. (Mark 14:32)
Prayer for the Cup - Thursday
And, moving away a little, he fell to the ground and prayed that, if possible, this hour would pass from Him; and said: Abba Father! everything is possible for You; carry this cup past Me; but not what I want, but what You want. (Mark 14:35-36)
Alst Pieter Cook van (c.1502-1550) Agony in the Garden.Prayer for the Cup
The Kiss of Judas and the Arrest of Jesus - Thursday
... behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a large crowd with swords and staves, from the high priests and elders of the people. He who betrayed Him gave them a sign, saying: Whomever I kiss is He, take Him. And immediately approaching Jesus, he said: Rejoice, Rabbi! And kissed Him. (Matt. 26:47-49)
Dieric Bouts (circa 1420-1475) The Arrest of Christ with the Kiss of Judas and the Apostle Peter cutting off the ear of Malchus (Alte Pinakothek, Munich)
Jesus before the Sanhedrin (high priests) - Friday
And they brought Jesus to the high priest; and all the chief priests and elders and scribes gathered to him. (Mark 14:53)
According to the New Testament, the Sanhedrin, led by the high priests Annas and Caiaphas, condemned Jesus Christ to death; this sentence, after initial hesitation, was approved by the Roman procurator Pontius Pilate. Among the members of the Sanhedrin there were people who were sympathetic to Christ and canonized in Christianity: the New Testament names Nicodemus, Joseph of Arimathea and Gamaliel. The latter was the teacher of the Apostle Paul. We do not find historical evidence that Gamaliel was present in the Sanhedrin at the trial of Christ, but we can only speculate.
Denial of the Apostle Peter - Friday
And Peter remembered the word that Jesus had spoken to him: Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times. And going out, he wept bitterly. (Matt. 26:75)
Rembrandt. St Peter's denial. The Denial of St. Peter (1660, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
The Denial of the Apostle Peter is a New Testament episode that tells how the Apostle Peter denied Jesus Christ after his arrest, which was predicted by Jesus during the Last Supper. Peter denied three times in fear that he too would be arrested, and when he heard the rooster crow, he remembered the words of his Teacher and bitterly repented
Jesus before Pontius Pilate - Friday
They took Jesus from Caiaphas to the praetorium. It was morning; and they did not enter the praetorium, so as not to be defiled, but so that they could eat the Passover. Pilate came out to them and said: What do you accuse this Man of? (John 18:28-29)
Maes Nicholas (1634-1693). Christ before Pilate
Flagellation of Christ - Friday
Then Pilate took Jesus and ordered him to be beaten. (John 19:1)
Jan Provoost (1462–1529) Flagellation. Flagellation (1510-15, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States)
Desecration and Crowning with Thorns - Friday
...they put purple robe on Him; and having woven a crown of thorns, they placed it on His head and gave Him a reed in His right hand; and, kneeling before Him, they mocked Him, saying: Hail, King of the Jews! (Matt. 27:28-29)
Anthony van Dyck. Crowning with a crown of thorns
Way of the Cross (Carrying the Cross) – Friday
And, bearing His cross, He went out to a place called Skull, in Hebrew Golgotha. (John 19:17)
Hemessen Jan Sanders van (1500-1556). Christ bearing the Cross. Christ carrying the cross
Tearing off Christ's clothes and playing them at dice with soldiers - Friday
When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took His clothes and divided them into four parts, one for each soldier, and a tunic; The tunic was not sewn, but entirely woven on top. So they said to each other: We will not tear it apart, but let us cast lots for it, whose it will be. (John 19:23-24)
Golgotha - Crucifixion - Friday
It was the third hour, and they crucified Him. And the inscription of His guilt was: King of the Jews. They crucified two thieves with Him, one on His right and the other on His left. And the word of Scripture was fulfilled: he was numbered among the evildoers. (Mark 15:25-28)
Beikelar Jochim (1530-1574) Christ on the Cross. Christ on the cross
Descent from the Cross - Friday
Joseph from Arimathea - a disciple of Jesus, but secretly out of fear from the Jews - asked Pilate to remove the body of Jesus; and Pilate allowed it. He went and took down the body of Jesus. (John 19:38)
Campin Robert (c.1375-1444). Descent from the Cross. Descent from the Cross
Entombment - Friday
... wrapped him in a shroud and laid him in a tomb hewn [in the rock] where no one had ever been laid before. (Luke 23:53)
Dieric Bouts (circa 1420-1475) The Entombment (1450, London National Gallery)
Descent into Hell - Saturday
In the New Testament this is reported only by the Apostle Peter: Christ, in order to lead us to God, once suffered for our sins... having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the Spirit, by which He went and preached to the spirits in prison. (1 Peter 3:18-19)
Pieter Huys (1529–1591) Harrowing of Hell. Descent into Hell (1545-1577)
Resurrection of Jesus Christ
And behold, there was a great earthquake, for the Angel of the Lord, who descended from heaven, came, rolled away the stone from the door of the tomb and sat on it... turning his speech to the women, he said: Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus crucified; He is not here - He has risen, as He said. (Matt. 28:2-6) Sunday
Memling Hans (c.1435-1494) Resurrection. Resurrection (Louvre. Paris)
In fact, the Passion of Christ must end with his death and the subsequent mourning and burial of the body of Jesus. But religious art, based on church canons and interpretations of theologians, both in Western Europe and in Orthodoxy, traditionally included in the passionate cycle two scenes of its afterlife existence: the resurrection from the dead and the preceding journey to the afterlife and back (although the plot of the Descent into Hell , which is also an icon of the Resurrection among Orthodox Christians, was much less popular among Catholics). The Resurrection of Jesus Christ itself is the next cycle in the history of Jesus, also consisting of several episodes. However, there is still an opinion that “the descent into hell represents the limit of Christ’s humiliation and at the same time the beginning of His glory.”
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In the iconography of the Passion of Christ there are several more scenes based on Scripture and apocrypha:
Intermediate episodes of the Passion:
Pilate shows Christ to the people - Behold the man (Ecce homo),
Quentin Masseys (1456/1466–1530) Pilatus zeigt Christus dem Volk. Pilate shows Christ to the people (1515, Museo del Prado, Madrid)
Ascension to the Cross , Nailing to the Cross , Request for the Body of Christ from Pontius Pilate ,
Lamentation of Christ (Do not weep for Me, Mati, Pieta),
Geertgen tot Sint Jans (circa 1460-1488). Lamentation of Christ (1484, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Gemäldegalerie, Wien)
Christ in the Tomb (Akra Tapeinosis), Myrrh-Bearing Women at the Holy Sepulcher .
Related and apocryphal episodes:
Man of Sorrows (Vir dolorum), Stabat mater ( The sorrowing mother stood ), Fruits of Christ's sufferings , Christ in prison
Jan Mabuse (1478 (?)–1532) Man of Sorrow (1520s, National Museum, Kraków
Saint Veronica gives Jesus a cloth to wipe his face, and his face is imprinted on it - in Orthodoxy the so-called Edessa Mandylion (Savior Not Made by Hands).
Robert Campin (1379–1444) St Veronica (1410, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt)
The prudent robber Rakh , who was honored with salvation and was the first to enter heaven (Orthodox iconography).
Judas receiving 30 pieces of silver , his suicide.
Rembrandt (1606–1669) Judas Repentent, Returning the Pieces of Silver. Judas returns the pieces of silver (1629, Mulgrave Castle, North Yorkshire)
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The listed episodes of the Passion of Christ are included in the life of Christ:
anonymous artist of the 15th century, Netherlands. Passion (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)
Anonymous, The life and Passion of Christ in 35 scenes. Life and Passion of Christ (1410-20)
The main episodes of the earthly life of Jesus Christ, according to the Gospels: Christmas Presentation Baptism Temptation of Christ Calling of the twelve apostles The first miracle of Jesus Christ Sermon on the Mount Miracles Transfiguration Giving prayer to the disciples Prophecy of the Second Coming Entry into Jerusalem Expulsion of merchants from the temple Passion of Christ: Anointing of Jesus with chrism The Last Supper Prayer for Chalice Judgment of Pilate Way of the Cross Crucifixion Burial of Christ Descent into Hell Resurrection Christ's Appearance to the Disciples Ascension
Links:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0...%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B
https://www.oceansbridge.com/oil-paintings/product/…nstrumentsofthepassionofchrist
https://www.abcgallery.com/B/bosch/bosch66.html
