This article uses Hebrew (Masoretic). numbering of psalms. Psalm 91 in Greek (Septuagint or Vulgate) numbering corresponds to Psalm 92 in Hebrew numbering.
Biblical Psalm
Psalm 91 | |
"Living in the secret place of the Most High" | |
Psalm of Protection | |
Late 8th century ivory plaque with Christ stepping on the beasts, illustrating verse 13. From Genoels-Elderen (in modern Belgium).[1] | |
Another name |
|
Language | Hebrew (original) |
Psalm 91
Psalm 91 from the Book of Psalms, commonly known in English by its first verse in the King James Version: "He that dwelleth in the secret of the Most High shall dwell under the shadow of the Almighty."
In the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and in its Latin Vulgate translation, this psalm is Psalm 90
in a slightly different numbering system.
In Latin it is known as ' Qui habitat
'.[2] As a psalm of protection, it is usually used in times of difficulty. Although the Hebrew text of this psalm names no author, Jewish tradition attributes it to Moses, with David compiling it into his Book of Psalms. The Greek Septuagint translation of the Old Testament places it under David.[3]
The Psalm is an integral part of the Jewish, Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican and Protestant liturgies. The complete psalm and selected verses were often set to music, especially by Heinrich Schütz and Felix Mendelssohn, who used the verses for his chant Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen
. The psalm is paraphrased into hymns.
Background and themes
The Midrash states that Psalm 91 was composed by Moses on the day he completed the Tabernacle in the Wilderness. The verses describe Moses' own experience as he entered the tabernacle and was enveloped in the Divine cloud.[4]Midrash Tehillim and Zohar Teach that Moses wrote this psalm while ascending into the cloud, hovering over Mount Sinai, at which time he spoke these words as a defense from the angels of destruction.[5]
In Jewish thought, Psalm 91 conveys themes of God's protection and rescue from danger.[6] In the Talmud ( Shevuot
15b) records opinions calling this psalm a "song of evil spirits" and a "song of plagues" ("shir shel pegaim" and "shir shel negaim" respectively) for "he who recites it with faith in God will help Him in time of danger." [4] Since the time of Geonim, this psalm has been read to drive away demons and evil spirits.[7] According to the midrashpsalm, it refers to many types of demons that threaten man, including the "Terror", "Arrow", "Pestilence" and "Destruction" mentioned in verses 5–6.[8] The psalm was written on amulets by both Jews and Christians from the Late Antique period.[9][10] According to the Talmud (Shevuot 15b), the next verse, verse 7 ("A thousand will fall on your side," etc.) refers to the demons who will perish while reading this psalm. In a similar vein, Psalm 91 was included as one of the "Four Psalms Against Demons" in the Dead Sea Scroll 11QapocrPs, three other psalms previously unknown believed to have been used by the Qumran community for exorcism.[11][12]
Modern Christians see the psalm as a source of comfort and protection even in times of suffering.[13]
Verse 13 in the King James Version “Thou shalt tread on the lion and the adder; the young lion and the dragon thou shalt trample underfoot,” is the source of the iconography from Christ Treads on the Beasts, seen in the Late Antique period and revived in Carolingian and Anglo-Saxon art.
Psalter
Psalm, song, on the Sabbath day, 91.
2 It is good for me to glorify You, O Lord, to sing praises to Your name, O Most High;
3 To proclaim Your mercy in the morning, Your truth every night,
4 With song, on the ten-stringed psalter and on the harp!
5 For You have made me glad, O Lord, in all Your creation, and in the works of Your hands I will rejoice.
6 For Your works are full of greatness, O Lord, Your thoughts are deep.
7 A foolish man does not know them; a foolish man does not understand.
8 Although sinners grow like grass, and the workers of iniquity increase in number, they will be destroyed forever.
9 But You, O Lord, live forever!
10 For all Your enemies, O Lord, all Your enemies will perish, and the workers of iniquity will be scattered.
11 And my dignity will be exalted like the horn of a unicorn, and in my old age I will be anointed with oil;
12 And my eye will look upon my enemies, and my ear will hear the destruction of the treacherous ones who rise up against me.
13 The righteous will blossom like the date palm; like the cedars of Lebanon, they will multiply.
14 Those who are rooted in the house of the Lord, in the courts of our God, will flourish;
15 And there will be many of them, reaching venerable old age and prospering.
16 Let them tell people the greatness of the righteousness of the Lord our God, and that there is no unrighteousness in Him!
On the day before the Sabbath, when the earth was filled, David's song of praise, 92
1 The Lord reigned, clothed with beauty; The Lord clothed himself with strength and girded himself; For He has established the world, and it will not be shaken.
2 Your Throne was prepared from the beginning; You are eternal.
3 The rivers have made a noise, O Lord, the rivers have lifted up their voice;
4 The rivers swell their waves, and the voice of many waters is heard.
5 Wonderful are the high waves of the sea; marvelous in the heights of Heaven is the Lord.
6 Your testimonies are true indeed. There is holiness inherent in Your house, O Lord, for endless days.
Psalm of David, on the fourth day of the week, 93
1 The God of rewards, the Lord, the God of rewards, has revealed himself to us.
2 Arise, Judge of the earth, take vengeance on the proud!
3 How long will sinners, O Lord, how long will sinners boast?
4 Will they speak and spread falsehood, will the workers of iniquity speak?
5 Thy people, O Lord, they have humiliated, they have done evil to Thy property;
6 They killed the widow and the orphan, and they killed the stranger.
7 And they said, “The Lord will not see, neither will the God of Jacob understand.”
8 Come to your senses, you foolish people, foolish people, be wise!
9 Does He who made the ear not hear? And He who created the eye does not see your crimes?
10 Will not the Teacher of the nations, Who teaches man understanding, rebuke you?
11 The Lord knows the thoughts of men; He sees that they are vanity.
12 Blessed is the man whom You guide, O Lord, and teach Your law.
13 May he remain meek in the days of trouble, until the sinner falls into the pit.
14 For the Lord will not reject His people, nor forsake His inheritance,
15 Until righteousness prevails in judgment, even those who adhere to it and are righteous in heart.
16 Who will fight with me against the treacherous? And who will rise up with me against the workers of iniquity?
17 If the Lord had not helped me, my soul would have already entered hell.
18 When I said, “My foot has faltered,” Thy mercy, O Lord, helped me;
19 When sorrows tormented my heart, Your consolations brought joy to my soul.
20 Let not the kingdom of the wicked, who cause sorrow to people, contrary to Your will, stand before You!
21 They will persecute the righteous and condemn innocent blood.
22 But the Lord was my refuge; my God showed me sure help.
23 And the Lord will reward them for their iniquities; the Lord God will destroy them for their wickedness.
Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages, amen
Song of praise of David, not inscribed among the Jews, 94
1 Come, let us sing to the Lord with joy, let us cry to God our Savior;
2 Let us come before His face with praise and cry out to Him in psalms!
3 For great is our God, the Lord, the Great King in all the earth;
4 For the ends of the earth are in His hands, and the tops of the mountains are subject to Him.
5 For the sea is subject to Him, and He created it, and His hands made the dry land.
6 Come, let us worship and fall down before Him, and weep before the Lord who created us!
7 For He is our God, and we are like sheep in His pasture, sheep that He feeds. And now, when you hear His voice,
8 Do not harden your hearts like those who provoked His wrath in the days of trial in the wilderness!
9 “There your fathers tempted Me, they tempted Me, and they saw My doings.
10 For forty years I was indignant at this people and said: They continually err in heart, and have not known My ways;
11 Therefore I swore in My wrath that they should not enter My rest.”
The song of praise of David, when the house was built after the captivity, is not written among the Jews, 95
1 Sing a new song to the Lord! Sing to the Lord, all the earth!
2 Sing to the Lord, bless His name, proclaim every day that our salvation is in Him!
3 Proclaim His glory to all nations, His wonders to all nations!
4 For the Lord is great and glorified, terrible to all gods.
5 For all the gods of the heathen are demons; and the Lord created the heavens.
6 Praise and beauty are before Him, holiness and splendor are in His sanctuary.
7 Bring gifts to the Lord, fathers of the tribes, give glory and honor to the Lord!
8 Give glory to the name of the Lord! Take the sacrifices and enter His courts!
9 Worship the Lord in His holy court! Let the whole earth shake before His face!
10 Tell the nations that the Lord reigns; For He has established the world, and it will not be shaken; He will judge the nations according to His righteousness.
11 Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth rejoice! May the sea and everything in it be shaken!
12 The fields and all who live in them will rejoice; then all the trees of the grove will rejoice before the face of the Lord;
13 For He is coming, coming to judge the earth, to judge the world in righteousness and the nations according to His truth.
The psalm of David, when his land was settled, is not inscribed among the Jews, 96
1 The Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice, let the many islands rejoice!
2 Cloud and darkness were around him; righteousness and law are the foundation of His Throne.
3 A fire will burn before Him, destroying all His enemies.
4 His lightnings illuminated the world; I saw and the earth shook.
5 The mountains melted like wax before the Lord, even before the Lord of all the earth.
6 The heavens declared His righteousness, and all nations saw His glory.
7 Let all who bow down to graven images and boast about their idols be put to shame! Worship God, all His Angels!
8 Zion heard and rejoiced, and the daughters of Judah rejoiced in Thy righteous judgments, O Lord;
9 For You, the Most High, are Lord of all the earth, and are highly exalted above all gods.
10 You who love the Lord, hate evil! The Lord protects the souls of His righteous, and will deliver them from the hand of the sinner.
11 Light has shined on the righteous, and joy on those who are pure in heart.
12 Rejoice, ye righteous, in the Lord; remember and praise His holiness!
Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages, amen
Psalm of David, 97
1 Sing a new song to the Lord, for the Lord has done wonderful things; His right hand, His holy hand, saved the people.
2 The Lord has made known to us the way of salvation; He revealed His truth to the people.
3 He remembered the kindness that He showed to Jacob, the truth that He told the house of Israel. All the ends of the earth saw the salvation sent by our God.
4 Cry to God, all the earth, sing and rejoice and sing!
5 Sing to the Lord, playing the harp and singing psalms!
6 Blow wrought trumpets and horn trumpets before the Lord the King!
7 Let the sea and all that is in it be shaken, the world and all who live in it!
8 Let the rivers clasp their hands, let the mountains rejoice in the presence of the Lord,
9 For He is coming, for He is coming to judge the earth, to judge the world in righteousness and the nations in His righteousness!
Psalm of David, 98
1 The Lord reigns; let the nations tremble before Him! Soaring on the Cherubim reigned; let the earth shake!
2 Great is the Lord in Zion, exalted above all nations.
3 Let them praise His great name, for it is awesome and holy!
4 Glory to the King His judgment is just. You established righteousness, justice and righteousness for Jacob You created.
5 Exalt the Lord our God and worship His footstool, for it is holy!
6 Moses and Aaron are among the company of His priests, and Samuel is among those who call upon His name; They called on the Lord, and He listened to them.
7 In the pillar of cloud He spoke to them, for they kept His testimonies and His commandments, which He gave them.
8 O Lord our God, You listened to them; God, You were merciful to them, but You subjected their opponents to punishment.
9 Exalt the Lord our God and worship Him on His holy mountain; for holy is the Lord our God!
Psalm of David, praise, 99
1-2 Cry to God, all the earth! Serve the Lord with joy, appear before Him with joy!
3 Know that the Lord is truly our God! He created us, and we did not create Him; we are His people, sheep in His fields.
4 Enter into His gates with praise, into His courts with singing! Praise Him, praise His name!
5 For the Lord is good, His lovingkindness endures forever, His truth endures from generation to generation.
Psalm of David, 100
1 I will sing of your mercy and judgment, O Lord!
2 I sing and meditate on the blameless path. When will you visit me? I walked in kindness of my heart under the roof of my house.
3 I turned away my eyes from wicked deeds; I hated people who commit crimes.
4 The hearts of the deceitful were strange to me; I didn’t want to know the evil ones who betrayed me.
5 Whoever secretly slanderes his neighbor, I have driven out; He who has a proud eye and a greedy heart has not eaten food with him.
6 My eyes look upon the faithful children of the earth, that they may be with me; Those who walk in the blameless way have served me.
7 No proud man dwelt under the roof of my house; he who spoke wicked words was wrong in my sight.
8 In the morning I destroyed the sinners of the earth, driving out those who committed iniquity from the city of the Lord.
Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages, amen
Text
Hebrew Bible Version
Below is the text of Psalm 91 in Hebrew:
Poem | Hebrew |
1 | Home page |
2 | אֹמַ֗ר לַֽ֖יהֹוָה מַחְסִּ֣י וּמְצֽוּדָתִ֑י אֱ֜לֹהַ֗י אֶבְטַח־בּֽ וֹ |
3 | כִּ֚י ה֣וּא יַ֖צִּֽילְךָ מ going |
4 | בְּאֶבְרָת֨וֹ | Home אֲמִתּֽוֹ |
5 | לָ֑יְלָה מֵ֜חֵ֗ץ יָ֘ע֥וּף יוֹמָֽם |
6 | Please contact us |
7 | יִפֹּ֚ל מִצִּדְּךָ֨ | Please contact us |
8 | Please contact us |
9 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֣ה מַי ωלְי֗וֹן &ְתָּ mmulatedֹunc |
10 | Home ֶֽךָ |
11 | Home יךָ |
12 | Please contact us |
13 | Please contact us |
14 | Please contact us ע שְׁמִֽי |
15 | יִקְרָאֵ֨נִי | Home ַבְּדֵֽהוּ |
16 | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֖מִים א means |
King James Version
- He who dwells in the secret abode of the Most High will remain under the shadow of the Almighty.
- I will speak of LORDER, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him I will believe.
- Surely he will deliver you from the snares of the bird-catcher and from the destructive plague.
- He will cover you with his feathers, and you will trust under his wings: his truth will be your shield and buckler.
- Fear not the terror at night; not an arrow flying during the day;
- Not the plague that walks in the darkness; nor for the destruction that ruins at noon.
- A thousand shall fall at your side, and ten thousand at your right hand; but he will not come near you.
- Only with your eyes will you contemplate and see the reward of the wicked.
- Because you have made LORDER, which is my refuge, even the highest, your dwelling place;
- No evil will befall you, and no plague will come near your dwelling.
- For he will assign his angels over you to guard you in all your ways.
- They will carry you in their arms, so that you do not break your foot on a stone.
- You must tread on the lion and the viper; You will trample the young lion and dragon underfoot.
- Because he loved me, I will deliver him; I will set him on high, because he has known my name.
- He will call me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him and glorify him.
- I will satisfy him with a long life and show him my salvation.
Psalm 91
This psalm is not inscribed with the author's name. Despite the generality of its content, there is no exact data by which it could be attributed positively to any time, why one can only guess about the latter.
The psalm points to the death of numerous enemies (Ps 91_8−10), to the salvation of the righteous from them and his exaltation (Ps 91_11−13), and to the miraculous nature of this protection (Ps 91_14). Such indications of the psalm and the joyful and grateful feeling for God that penetrates it bring the psalm very close to 90, where the same thing is stated (Ps 91:1,7-10,16), which is why one might think that it was written on the same occasion and at the same time, like Ps 90, that is, during the time of Hezekiah, on the occasion of the miraculous destruction of Sennacherib’s troops near Jerusalem. It is impossible to indicate exactly who its writer was, perhaps Hezekiah himself.
The inscription “song for the Sabbath day” indicates the time of the liturgical performance of the psalm in the temple on Saturdays. This purpose of the psalm remains among the Jews to this day.
How joyful it is to praise the Lord and sing of his mercies all day long (2−4)! You filled me with joy from Your wondrous deeds, which are often beyond the understanding of man (5-6). The wicked multiply and bloom, but in order to perish, but You exalt the righteous like the palm tree and the cypress (7-13). Just as these trees are fruitful and succulent even in old age, so the righteous, planted in the house of the Lord, will always praise You.
Ps 91:2. It is good to praise the Lord and sing to Your name, O Most High,
Ps 91:3. proclaim Your mercy in the morning and Your truth in the night,
“It is good to glorify.” Glorifying God, composing and singing songs of praise and gratitude to Him, gives the writer spiritual joy. He is full of religiously enthusiastic feeling, and the expression of the latter in words and songs is his life and happiness. “Proclaim in the morning... and... in the night” - constantly, all day long, be full of such a mood.
Ps 91:5. For You have made me glad, O Lord, with Your creation: I admire the works of Your hands.
Ps 91:6. How great are Your works, O Lord! Your thoughts are wonderfully deep!
Ps 91:7. A foolish person does not know, and an ignorant person does not understand this.
Ps 91:8. While the wicked spring up like grass, and the workers of iniquity bloom to disappear forever,
Ps 91:9. You, Lord, are exalted forever!
Psalm 91:10. For behold, Thy enemies, O Lord, behold, Thy enemies perish, and all the workers of iniquity are scattered;
Ps 91:11. and You exalt my horn like the horn of a unicorn, and I am anointed with fresh oil;
Ps 91:12. and my eye looks on my enemies, and my ears hear about the evildoers who rise up against me.
Psalm 91:13. The righteous blooms like a palm tree and rises like a cedar in Lebanon.
This feeling and mood of the writer is fueled by the greatness and inaccessibility of human understanding of the deeds performed by God. Many events, according to natural human understanding, can instill fear and anxiety in him, while they lead to a different result and end. So, for example, the multiplication and prosperity of the wicked is a threat to the righteous, but in fact they perish by the will of God, and the righteous is exalted, which clearly indicates how unknown and deep the deeds and thoughts of the Lord are. The writer here probably understands the fears and fear that the numerous hordes of Sennacherib, who blasphemed his faith in God, brought upon the Jews and Hezekiah. According to natural considerations, the death of Hezekiah and Jerusalem seemed inevitable, but according to Divine determination and influence, the enemies perished, and the “horn” of the “righteous” ascended, and through this attack of the enemies, the importance of Hezekiah not only was not diminished, but his name became so famous among other nations and the position of the Jewish state was strengthened as much as the palm tree is famous in the East for its fertility or how durable the cedar is, the beauty and pride of the forests of Lebanon.
Psalm 91:14. Planted in the house of the Lord, they bloom in the courts of our God;
“Those planted in the house of the Lord” are the righteous who live by faith in Jehovah and flourish from this faith. Here is an indication that every righteous person, as in this case Hezekiah, who sincerely resorts to Divine help, is not abandoned by Him, but receives unexpected and supernatural help from Him. So it was with the Assyrians, who died in one night by the will of God in the amount of 185 thousand.
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Lopukhin's comments on the Psalter, Psalm 91
Uses
Judaism
Psalm 91 features prominently in Jewish liturgy and ritual. recited during Pesukei Dezimra on Shabbat, Yom Tov, and Hoshana Rabbah morning services.[4] It is also recited after evening prayer on Motzaei Shabbat[14][15] and at night before bedtime Shema.[15][16] In each of these prayers, verse 16 is repeated twice.[17] According to Mahzor Vitri, the verse is doubled to complete the spelling of God's name.[18]
Psalm 91 is read seven times during the burial ceremony. As the pallbearers approach the grave, they stop every few feet and repeat a psalm. In the case of a woman's burial, the casket bearers do not stop the procession, but repeat the psalm seven times.[19]
Verse 11 of Psalm is read after the liturgical poem. Shalom Aleichem
during dinner on Friday night.[15]
Psalm 91 is often read as a prayer for protection.[20] Some people say this before going on a trip.[15][21]
New Testament
- Verses 11 and 12 are quoted by the devil at the time of Christ's temptation in Matthew 4:6 and Luke 4:10–11.[22]
- Verse 13 quoted in Luke 10:19[22]
Western Christianity
In Western Christianity, it is often sung or recited during Compel services.[23] The psalm is part of the Benedictine rite of daily evening prayer.[24] After the Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X, it was used only on Sundays and at celebrations. The Liturgy of the Hours is part of Compline on the eve of Sunday and celebrations.
in the Revised Common Lectionary (Year C)[25] the psalm is assigned to the first Sunday of Lent, connecting it with the temptation of Christ, where the devil quotes this psalm.
In the medieval Western Church it was included in the readings for Good Friday.
Eastern Orthodoxy
In Eastern Orthodoxy it is used in the prayers of the Sixth Hour, Great Compline, and also in the Memorial Service for the Departed (Pannikhida).
Complete Orthodox prayer book for the laity
The clergy of the modern Orthodox Church pay great attention in their theological works to Orthodox prayers and their role for the ordinary Christian. prayer books for the laity were compiled and developed.
taking into account their needs. Their content includes morning and evening prayers, prayers for every need, akathists, canons, they also include the texts of the All-Night Vigil and the Divine Liturgy, prayers from services performed during fasting and great Christian holidays. In addition, the collection includes prayer books that read about the repose of the departed, as well as the Psalter of prayer books, which includes the commemoration of the living and the dead at each Glory. Considering that all the prayers in this collection undergo a strict selection by the Liturgical Commission, it can be argued that the complete Orthodox prayer book for the laity is the most complete publication, collecting the most necessary texts of prayers.
Christian hymnal prayer book
In the most difficult and hopeless moments of his life, an Orthodox person turns to the Lord by reading prayer texts. Particularly sublime, conveying a variety of emotions, are church services, at which psalms are sung, breathing the grace of God.
Psalter - a prayer book of psalms, which are accompanied by playing a musical instrument during church services. The collection of psalms has also become widespread in everyday household use, thanks to its convenient design. Very often at the very beginning of the psalms you can find inscriptions indicating the category of prayer - praise, teaching, and the method of execution is indicated. Almost every verse of the Psalter reflects the events of the New Testament, it contains many reflections, appeals to one’s soul, many instructions and words of consolation, so it is not surprising that the Orthodox Psalter is a prayer book
is of such great importance to every lay believer. Today, not a single Orthodox liturgical event is complete without this sacred heritage of the prophet and psalmist David. Many of the psalms are recognized as the most powerful prayers that help in difficult moments of life, such as Psalm 50 and Psalm 90.
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Orthodox Psalm 91 text in Russian
It is good to glorify the Lord and sing to Your name, O Most High, to proclaim Your mercy in the morning and Your truth in the night, on the ten-stringed psaltery, with a song on the harp. For You have made me glad, O Lord, with Your creation: I admire the works of Your hands. How great are Your works, O Lord! Your thoughts are wonderfully deep! A foolish person does not know, and an ignorant person does not understand this. While the wicked arise like grass, and the workers of iniquity bloom to disappear forever, You, O Lord, are exalted forever! For behold, Thy enemies, O Lord, behold, Thy enemies perish, and all the workers of iniquity are scattered; and You exalt my horn like the horn of a unicorn, and I am anointed with fresh oil; and my eye looks on my enemies, and my ears hear about the evildoers who rise up against me. The righteous blooms like a palm tree and rises like a cedar in Lebanon. Planted in the house of the Lord, they bloom in the courts of our God; Even in old age they are fruitful, juicy and fresh, to proclaim that the Lord is righteous, my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in Him.
Church text of Psalm 93 in Russian
The Lord reigns; He is clothed with majesty, the Lord is clothed with power and girded: therefore the universe is solid, it will not be moved. Thy throne is established from time immemorial: Thou art from everlasting. The rivers lift up their voices, O Lord, the rivers lift up their waves. But greater than the sound of many waters and the mighty waves of the sea, the Lord is mighty in the highest. Your revelations are undoubtedly true. To your house, O Lord, belongs holiness for many days to come.
Christian text Psalm 93
God of vengeance, Lord, God of vengeance, reveal Yourself! Arise, Judge of the earth, give vengeance to the proud. How long, O Lord, will the wicked, how long will the wicked triumph? They spew out insolent speeches; all who practice iniquity are magnified; They trample down Your people, O Lord, they oppress Your inheritance; the widow and the stranger are killed, and the orphans are put to death, and they say: “The Lord will not see, and the God of Jacob will not know.” Come to your senses, senseless people! When will you be smart, ignoramuses? Will he who plugs the ear not hear? and the eye that formed will not see? Will not He who admonishes the nations reprove, He who teaches man understanding? The Lord knows the thoughts of men that they are vain. Blessed is the man whom You admonish, O Lord, and instruct with Your law, to give him rest in times of trouble, until a pit is dug for the wicked! For the Lord will not reject His people, nor forsake His inheritance. For judgment will return to righteousness, and all the upright in heart will follow it. Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? who will stand for me against the workers of iniquity? If the Lord had not been my helper, my soul would soon have entered the land of silence. When I said, “My foot falters,” Thy mercy, O Lord, supported me. When my sorrows multiply in my heart, Your consolations delight my soul. Will the seat of destroyers, plotting violence contrary to the law, stand near You? They rush in a crowd towards the soul of the righteous and condemn innocent blood. But the Lord is my defense, and my God is the rock of my refuge, and He will turn their iniquity upon them, and by their wickedness He will destroy them; The Lord our God will destroy them.
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Music settings
Classical
Polish composer Jozef Elsner make the last three verses of this psalm an offering Quoniam in me speravit
, Op.30 (published c. 1829).[26]Felix Mendelssohn composed a setting of two verses of Psalm 91 in the motet
Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen
(1844), which he also included in his oratorio
Elijah
.
Contemporary Christian music
Michael Joncas loosely based on his hymn "On Eagle's Wings" on Psalm 91.[27] Christian duo Shane and Shane recorded the song on their 2015 album Psalm Two
entitled "Psalm 91 (On the Wings of Eagles)" a cover of the song based on Joncas' work.
Christian group Sons of Korah covered Psalm 91 on their 2011 album Wait
.[28]
In popular culture
US military personnel hold a package with camouflage.
bandana printed Psalm 91 for the National Day of Prayer breakfast at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, May 2010. Psalm 91 is known as the "Soldier's Psalm" or "Soldier's Prayer".[29] Camouflage bandanas printed with the psalm are often distributed among US troops.[29][30][31]
Sinead O'Connor's debut album The Lion and the Cobra
includes a reading of verses 11–13 in Irish singer Enya's song "Never Get Old".[32]
Canadian metal band Cryptopsia references Psalm verses 5–8 in their song "The Plague That Walks in the Darkness" on their 2005 album. Once upon a time there was no
.[33]
Brazilian-American metal band Soulful read a psalm in Portuguese on the bonus track "Salmo-91" for their fifth album Dark Times
.[34]
In Jerry Garcia Band quotes verses 5-6 of their song "My Sisters and Brothers".
Madonna references Psalm 91 in "Virgin Mary (Introduction)" about her 2012 MDNA Tour
.[35]
Recommendations
- Favreau, Robert (1991). "The Iconographic Theme of the Lion in Medieval Inscriptions". Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
(In French).
135
(3):613–36. doi:10.3406/crai.1991.15027. Retrieved 2010-03-13. - Parallel Latin/English Psalter/Psalm 90 (91) Archived 2017-05-07 at the Wayback Machine. Middle Ages.
- "Psalm 91:1 (LXX)". Bible blue letter
. - ^ a b c
Sherman 2003, para. 380. - Kaplan 1990, para. 187.
- Morrison, Chanan (2017). "Psalm 91: Dwelling on High." Rav Kuk Torah
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Matt 2004, para. 103.
- "Jewish Concepts: Demons and Demonology". Jewish Virtual Library
. 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Kraus 2009, para. 139.
- Shiffman 1992, para. 39.
- VanderKam, James (July 10, 2005). The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Implications for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity
. Bloomsbury Academic. paragraph 122. ISBN 9780567084682. Retrieved June 10, 2022. - Evans, Craig A. (February 2010). Holman's Concise Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls
. B&H Publishing Group. item 316. ISBN 9780805448528. - "God the Protector (Psalm 91)." Bible.org. 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- Sherman 2003, para. 594.
- ^ a b c d
Brauner, Reuven (2013). "Shimush Pesukim: A Complete Index to the Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages" (PDF) (2nd ed.). paragraph 43. - Sherman 2003, para. 290.
- Sherman 2003, p. 382,596.
- Horowitz 1923, para. 114.
- Goldstein, Zalman (2018). "Jewish burial". Chabad.org
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Protection". DailyTehillim. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- Reif 2004, p. 1948
- ^ a b
Kirkpatrick, A.F.
(1901). The Book of Psalms: With Introduction and Notes
. Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Books IV and V: Psalms XC–CL. Cambridge: University Press. item 839. Received February 28, 2019. - “Order for night prayer (compline).” Church of England. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
- "Psalmody of Saint Benedict." University of Toronto. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- The Christian Year: Calendar, Lectionary and Collections
. Church House Publishing, Church of England. 1997 ISBN 0-7151-3799-9. - See IMSLP Working Page
- Dela Cruz, Darlene J. M. (December 30, 2013). "Response to the song 'On Eagle's Wings', humiliating for the composer for many years." Catholic
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Persuasive Music" Vi Flea
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - ^ a b
Homan, John D. (January 28, 2005).
"'Soldier's Prayer': Heart Bandanas Presented to Local Troops." Southern Illinois
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Protection and comfort in a bandana." Orange County Register
. March 7, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Ruth 2012, paragraph 105.
- "Never Get Old" Bells Irish Lyrics. 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- “Once upon a time there were no reviews.” Metal Archive
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Day, Tom (August 3, 2006). "Interview - Soulfly." Musicomh
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Madonna - MDNA World Tour." Discogs. 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
Links[edit]
- Favreau, Robert (1991). "The iconographic theme of the lion in copperplate inscriptions". Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
(in French).
135
(3):613–36. DOI: 10.3406/crai.1991.15027. Retrieved March 13, 2010. - ↑
Parallel Latin/English Psalter/Psalmus 90 (91) Archived May 7, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. Middle Ages. - "Psalm 91:1 (LXX)". Blue Letter Bible
. - ^ abc Scherman 2003, p. 380.
- Jump up
↑ Kaplan 1990, p. 187. - Morrison, Chanan (2017). "Psalm 91: Dwelling on High". Rav Kuk Torah
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Matt 2004, p. 103.
- "Jewish Concepts: Demons and Demonology". Jewish Virtual Library
. 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Jump up
↑ Kraus 2009, p. 139. - Schiffman 1992, p. 39.
- VanderKam, James (July 10, 2005). The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Implications for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity. Bloomsbury Academic. item 122. ISBN 9780567084682. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
- Jump up
↑ Evans, Craig A. (February 2010). Holman's Concise Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls. B&H Publishing Group. p. 316. ISBN 9780805448528. - "God the Protector (Psalm 91)". Bible.org. 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- Scherman 2003, p. 594.
- ^ a b c d Brauner, Reuven (2013). "Shimush Pesukim: A Complete Index to the Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages" (PDF) (2nd ed.). paragraph 43.
- Scherman 2003, p. 290.
- Scherman 2003, pp. 382, 596.
- Horowitz 1923, p. 114.
- Jump up
↑ Goldstein, Zalman (2018).
"Jewish burial". Chabad.org
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Security". DailyTehillim. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- Reif 2004, p. 1948
- ^ ab Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: With Introduction and Notes. Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Books IV and V: Psalms XC–CL. Cambridge: University Press. item 839. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- "Order on night prayer (compline)". Church of England. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
- "Psalmody of Saint Benedict". University of Toronto. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- The Christian Year: Calendar, Lectionary and Collects
. Church House Publishing, Church of England. 1997. ISBN. 0-7151-3799-9. - See IMSLP Workpage.
- Jump up
↑ Dela Cruz, Darlene JM (December 30, 2013).
"Response to the song "On the Wings of an Eagle", which humiliated the composer for many years". CatholicPhilly
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Persuasive Music". Little flea
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - ↑ ab Homan, John D. (January 28, 2005). "'Soldier's Prayer': Heart Bandanas Given to Local Troops". Southern Illinois
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Protection and comfort wrapped in a bandana". Orange County Register
. March 7, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - Jump up
↑ Ruth 2012, p. 105. - "Never Get Old lyrics". Bells Irish Lyrics. 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
- “Once upon a time there were no reviews.” Metal Archive
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - ↑
Day, Volume (August 3, 2006).
"Interview - Soulfly". Musicomh
. Retrieved September 15, 2022. - "Madonna - MDNA World Tour". Discogs. 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
Sources
- Horowitz, Shimon Halevi (1923). Machzor Vitri
(in Hebrew) (reprint ed.).CS1 maint: ref=harv (communication) - Kaplan, Rabbi Arie (1990). Inner Space: An Introduction to Kabbalah, Meditation, and Prophecy
. Moznaim.CS1 maint: ref = harv (communication) - Kraus, Thomas J. (2009), "'He Who Abides in the Help of the Most High': Psalm 90 of the Septuagint and the Iconographic Program of the Byzantine Armbands", in Evans, Craig A.; Zechariah, H. Daniel (ed.), Jewish and Christian Scripture as Artifact and Canon
, Bloomsbury Publishing, p. 139, ISBN 978-0-56735188-3 CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Matt, Daniel Chanan, ed. (2004). Zohar
.
1
. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-80474747-9 .CS1 maint: ref=harv (communication) - Reif, Stefan S. (2004), "The Bible in Jewish Life and Thought", in Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Mark Zvi (ed.), The Hebrew Bible
, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19529751-5 CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Ruth, Peggy Joyce (2012). Psalm 91 Military Edition: God's Shield of Protection
. Charisma Media. ISBN 978-1-61638708-2 .CS1 maint: ref=harv (communication) - Sherman, Rabbi Nosson (2003). The Complete Artscroll Siddur
(3rd ed.). Mesorah Publications. ISBN 978-0-89906650-9 .CS1 maint: ref=harv (communication) - Shiffman, Lawrence H., ed. (1992). Spell texts in Hebrew and Aramaic from the Cairo Geniza
. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85075285-1 .CS1 maint: ref=harv (communication)