How tall were Adam and Eve in the Bible?

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Adam lived 930 years (Gen. 5:5).

The first person...

The first person without a navel (or mother)
first operation
First husband
The first genius
The first farmer
The first taxonomist
First father
The first man to sin
First sinner

Read God's Story about Adam and the human race!

Did the first man have black hair, brown skin and brown eyes? Was he two meters tall? There are questions that we cannot answer for sure because we were not there and did not see Adam. However, by reading the Book of Genesis and armed with scientific knowledge, we can learn a lot about what Adam was probably like.

Could Adam and Eve have had belly buttons?

The question of navels still does not have a clear answer; one still has to make reservations and go into discussions.
Adam and Eve were the first people in the world, and they were created, not born, which means they should not have belly buttons. But why then are there belly buttons in paintings and icons? There are two common options: First, there were no navels, and their depiction was simply an error. After all, fine art is created by man, and he tends to make mistakes. This is often criticized and is slightly less popular than the second - there were navels. Perhaps God considered this moment necessary to give a perfect appearance to his creations, and being the Almighty he brought his idea to life.

Which book of the Bible contains information about Adam and Eve?

Were the wives of Cain and Abel their sisters?
The life history of the first people on the planet is described in detail in the book of Genesis. Adam is translated from Hebrew as “son of the earth” or “man.” Eve - “living or giving life.” It tells about how the Creator created Adam and his wife, about their temptation and fall, expulsion from the Garden of Eden. So, everything in order.

After God prepared the planet for life, He created the Garden of Eden with animals. From the dust of the earth He created man, Adam, and settled him in this garden. He gave orders to look after the garden and name the animals. Before Eve, Adam lived in Paradise, the garden of joy and pleasure. God taught him everything that people needed to know in their rational and perfect life. But he was lonely. The Lord understood this perfectly. Therefore, He made him a wife from Adam's rib. Adam later named his wife Eve. Many people are interested in the growth of Adam and Eve. The biblical scriptures say nothing about this. According to other sources, they had normal human height.

This is how the first human couple was created. She was destined for a wonderful life. God gave them a mandate - to be fruitful, multiply and populate the planet.

How did the author know about Adam and Eve?

The first five books of the Old Testament, including the book about the first people, about Adam and Eve, were written by Moses, a prophet, historian and writer. He was born in Egypt in 1593 BC.

His name means "saved from the water." To prevent the baby from being killed, his mother sent him down the river in a reed basket. The pharaoh's daughter found the infant and adopted him. A boy who grew up in luxury, but did not forget his roots. He was not interested in wealth; he chose the fate of the common people.

Who is Moses:

a man who was a shepherd for 40 years;
the man to whom God spoke from the burning bush;
a man who fought to free the people of Israel from slavery;
the man who, through the power of God, parted the waters of the Red Sea;
the man who gave God's 10 Commandments to the Israelites;
Without a doubt, Moses was a prophet and did many great things.

Moses completed the writing of Genesis in the Sinai desert in 1513 BC.

The historical events that Moses describes in the book took place long before his birth. Where did the author get information about Adam and Eve? There are three versions of the answer:

Information about the first people was revealed by God himself.
Perhaps Moses learned about them through the transmission of information from generation to generation, from generation to generation. People in those days, judging by the Bible, lived so long that data about this couple could be transmitted for five generations along the chain from Adam to Moses.
Moses gleaned information from existing records and documents. The people who lived many centuries ago also always kept a record of accurate historical events. In the first book, the author often mentions the word “toledot,” which in Hebrew means “history” or “origin.” Therefore, he could obtain information from written historical documents. Perhaps Adam was the author or owner of those documents.

So Moses could have learned about Adam and Eve in each of these ways and applied them to writing.

Adam was the FIRST HUSBAND

Eve was created specifically for Adam. This was the first marriage. Therefore, Jesus reminded the people in Matthew 19:4-6 that the meaning of marriage depends on the origin of the marriage, and the first marriage is mentioned in Genesis:

“He answered and said to them, “Have you not read that He who created in the beginning made them male and female? And he said, “For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh, so that they are no longer two, but one flesh.” Therefore, what God has joined together, let no man separate.”

Eve was not Adam's first wife

Where are Adam and Eve buried and how long did they live?

According to Sefer Ha-Zohar, Gnostic treatises, Arab myths, and other legends and sources, Adam had another wife named Lilith before Eve. God sculpted her from clay, just like Adam. Lilith is a character with very complex symbolism, which has common features with the ancient cult of the Great Mother, who is a nocturnal demonic creature that brings death. Perhaps its prototype was the Indian goddess Durga, one of the wives of Shiva, who protects the world order and destroys everything that interferes with further development. In this case, the following logical chain can be traced: Lilith destroyed what hindered Adam in his further development and gave him the opportunity to start a new life with Eve.

According to Jewish sources, Lilith was a beautiful but disobedient wife who did not want to share a bed with Adam. She flew away from him.

Adam was the FIRST SINNER

Adam was told not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (Genesis 2:17). Therefore, if Adam, as the head of the human race, disobeyed God, then the consequences should have affected all his descendants.

Eve took the fruit and ate it, and gave it to her husband Adam, who was with her, and he also ate of it. Read about it in God's Tale

Although Eve was tempted by the serpent and ate the forbidden fruit first, it was Adam who brought sin into the world, because he was the head of the human race and the first commandment was given to him.

Romans 5:12 says, “Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so death spread to all men, because all sinned.”

Because of this sin of disobedience to God's law, God cursed the earth (Genesis 3:17), caused thorns and thistles to grow out of it, that is, thorns and thistles (Genesis 3:18), and introduced death into the world - Adam and Eve died spiritually, and began to die physically.

The first physical death recorded is that of at least one animal, when “the Lord God made garments of skins for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.” God killed the animal and shed the blood and gave Adam and Eve a covering. This is a great picture of how something special was going to happen—that because of sin, the blood that was shed would become a covering.

Hebrews 9:22 states that “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.” In order to take away sin, God requires the shedding of blood. However, the blood of bulls and goats was not sufficient. Since sin was brought into the world by man, man had to atone for it, but a perfect man. If all of Adam's descendants now suffered from sin, how could this happen?

Hypotheses about the appearance of Adam and Eve

How many years did Adam live alone before Eve appeared: scientists have found the answer

It is impossible to say exactly what Adam and Eve looked like. The first people were not black, but rather had a slightly dark skin tone - the kind that a person should have with minimal “jumps” of melanin. The hair was believed to be dark and the eyes were brown.

The age difference of the first people also causes active debate among people - recently they even put forward a theory that Adam was more than 2,000 years older, other sources gave figures tens of times higher - but this cannot be confirmed or refuted. It is impossible to know how old Adam was at the time of Eve's creation.

The theory that Eve gave birth at 800 years old was presented as convincing. This is wrong. It is impossible to say the exact ages, but here you can already use the Bible to guide you. “...Adam knew Eve” even before the exile, Seth was born when the man was only 130 years old, which means there is no talk of any eight hundred years.

It is also impossible to accurately determine the height of Adam and Eve, since the Bible did not give any figures. But scientists, based on indirect evidence, concluded that the growth of Adam and Eve was extremely high. The man is 37 m 73 cm, and the woman is 36 m 19.5 cm.

The image of Eve in culture

Being the foremother of people, Eve was depicted in icons, for example, in the famous work of Andrei Rublev “The Descent into Hell”. There she stands among the righteous saved from fiery hell, and her red outfit symbolizes the Resurrection and the beginning of a new life.

In illustrations to the Bible, Eve and Adam are traditionally depicted naked - their bodies are only slightly covered with leaves of tropical vegetation. After the Fall, they received “leather clothes” from God, but artists in scenes of expulsion from paradise prefer to replace them with animal skins or linen tunics. In Eden, the first people are surrounded by animals, fruits of paradise and strange flowers, and on earth they are depicted with the traditional attributes of agriculture and crafts - a plow, ears of grain, a basket of bread. Eve is often depicted pregnant or surrounded by babies, with a spinning wheel or sewing in her hands.

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The Creation of Eve
In the 11th episode of the first season of the series "The X-Files", the name of Eve is borne by women and girl clones artificially created during a genetic experiment. These lab-enhanced babies were supposed to become super soldiers. But something went wrong, and Eva’s test subjects began to “fly off the rails” in their teens, turning into psychopathic killers.

In 2014, the biblical epic film Noah was released. The image of Eve was embodied by actress Ariane Rinehart.

In the Supernatural series, Eve is the mother of monsters, a powerful being who appeared long before angels and humans. She lived in Purgatory until she escaped from there to Earth, where, in the guise of a mortal woman, she gathers her own army to confront angels, demons and everyone in general.

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Eve and the Serpent
In 2013, Jim Jarmusch's film Only Lovers Left Alive was released, which is about a couple of vampires - an underground musician (Tom Hiddleston), who lives in half-abandoned Detroit and is contemplating suicide, and his stylish wife, played by the owner of an unusual appearance Tilda Swinton. Both vampires are named after the biblical ancestors - Adam and Eve.

Find out more!

Read God's story about Adam and humanity! Learn more about science and the Bible

Adam and the naming of animals. Could all the events associated with the 6th day of creation in the Bible actually happen during a normal 24-hour day? Answer
Has anyone found the Garden of Eden? Answer
Read the story of Adam first, (voiced in full by actor Dean Jones)
Did Adam have a belly button? Answer
Why should people wear clothes? Answer
Why should people wear clothes? AnswerGet ANSWERS to your questions about Adam and Genesis here. The Book of Answers, Revised and Expanded
, by Don Batten, Ken Ham, Jonathan Sarfati and Carl Wieland, edited by Don Batten. During Ken Ham's 25 years of ministry, he discovered that people everywhere were asking the same difficult questions. These “difficult nuts to crack for the Christian faith” are clearly addressed in this book, making it a must have for Christians of all ages!!
Adam (in our Online Bible Encyclopedia)
Eve
Learn about SPIRITUAL DARKNESS vs. Spiritual LIGHT
The Fall of Man
Who wrote the first book of the Bible - Genesis? Answer
QUIZ about... The Garden of Eden and Cain and Abel
Children's coloring pages about Adam and Eve - see coloring pages index
And for Adam

You'll find even more ANSWERS to questions asked by kids in the ChristianAnswers.Net "For Curious Kids" section.

The First Adam needed a "Last Adam"

Read about it in God's Tale

God provided a second Adam—a perfect Adam who could be the perfect sacrifice. God Himself came down to earth in the form of a man.

Jesus Christ, the second person of the Trinity, was born of a woman in order to become a man so that the perfect sacrifice could be made. Jesus was God, but He was also a man, as God intended man to be—sinless. He was crucified on the cross of Calvary. He shed His blood and paid the price for our sins, overcoming death and the judgment that God placed on man because of sin.

Here's what Paul says in 1 Corinthians 15:20-22:

“But Christ has risen from the dead, the firstborn of those who have fallen asleep. For just as death is through man, so is the resurrection of the dead through man. Just as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive.”

Next we read in 1 Corinthians 15:45-47:

“Thus it is written: The first man Adam became a living soul; and the last Adam is a life-giving spirit... The first man is from the earth, earthy; the second person is the Lord from heaven.”

1 Corinthians 15:26 says, “The last enemy that will be destroyed is death.” Death is swallowed up in victory, says Paul. And we can say with him: “Death, where is your sting? Hell, where is your victory? (1 Corinthians 15:55). Christ paid the price. The last Adam conquered death and provided a means of deliverance from the sin into which the first Adam fell, which led to separation from God.

Translator: Yevgheny Yeryomin

Posted by Ken Ham from Genesis Answers (ChristianAnswers.Net Team Member). First published in Creation Ex Nihilo

13(4):28-31, September-November 1991. Used with permission.

Alternative view

In the book “Monday Begins on Saturday,” the Strugatsky brothers made an ingenious attempt to reconcile Darwin’s theory with the concept of the divine origin of man:

As we can see, in this humorous passage, Adam and Eve are not the first and not the only relatively intelligent beings.

—

The most interesting thing is that when you read the biblical text (very sparse in details), you can’t help but feel that Adam and Eve are not alone on planet Earth.

Here are a few passages that have puzzled theologians for centuries.

So, Eve treated Adam to the forbidden fruit, God was angry with them and expelled them from paradise:

The question arises: from whom is the winged sentry protecting the tree? Agree, it is very difficult to imagine that Adam and Eve will make a second attempt to get into the Garden of Eden for the ill-fated fruit.

Then Adam and Eve have sons, Cain and Abel. Cain kills Abel and God punishes him by saying that he will wander forever.

Here is Cain's response:

To be honest, everything here is mysterious. What does it mean to be an exile if people have already been expelled from Eden for a long time, and the rest of the earth is absolutely empty? And most importantly, who can kill Cain? Perhaps a cave bear, but it seems we are talking about people.

God promised that no one would kill him, and then

This place is a real puzzle for theologians. Where did Cain's wife come from?.. Either it was his sister, the fact of whose birth is carefully hushed up in the Old Testament, or there was someone else on the planet...

But even if we accept the delicate option with the sister, the question still remains - why would a married couple build a city?

(Against the background of all these mysteries, the amazing circumstance that Cain, despite all the misadventures, somehow miraculously managed to study to become an architect, fades.)

Because of all these misunderstandings, versions were put forward about the existence of Pre-Adamites (that is, Adam was not the first) or Co-Adamites (Adam was not the only one). Or, after all, Adam and Eve had more extensive offspring, despite the fact that only three sons are mentioned: Cain, Abel and Seth.

Daughters of Eve

Alexander Chubenko, online magazine “Commercial Biotechnology”

“Popular Mechanics” No. 11, 2007

In the last issue of the magazine, we talked about the “Genography” project and how you can trace the ancestry to the Y-chromosomal Adam through the male line. What about Eve? Using the marks left by random mutations on mitochondrial DNA, both men and women can trace their ancestry through the female line back to the “foremother” herself - Eve.

First of all, it is worth noting that “Y-chromosomal Adam” and “mitochondrial Eve” are not the married couple from which modern humanity originated. They were not even the first modern people; “Adam” lived tens of thousands of years later than “Eve.” Why do we trace our ancestry from them? For about the same reason that family trees of noble families begin with the most distant ancestors that can be seen in the darkness of centuries. “Adam” and “Eve” are not real people, but virtual points from which the branching of the molecular genealogical tree of humanity begins.

Background

In molecular genealogy, as in ordinary genealogy, the origin of entire nations and individuals is traced separately along the paternal and maternal lines.

If a man - the carrier of the Y chromosome - does not leave male descendants, the branch of the family tree along the male line is cut off. Inheritance through the female line, through mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), breaks off for every boy: the mitochondria received from the mother, which provide energy for the rotation of the tail of the sperm, even if they get into the egg, are destroyed for some reason. Both men and women receive mitochondria from the cytoplasm of the mother's egg, women pass it on to their daughters, and they pass it on to their daughters... The female line ends completely if a woman does not have daughters. So even with a stable population size, when on average each couple has two children surviving to reproductive age, due to random combinations of the sexes of the offspring (two boys, two girls or a boy and a girl), a quarter of the direct lines of sex markers will be interrupted in each generation, in next - another quarter...

Why is Adam so much younger than Eve?
Breaks in inheritance in the male line occur much more often than in the female line. Nature experiments more often on males: if a mutation in the coding part of the genome turns out to be useful, the male will pass it on to the descendants of both sexes; if it turns out to be harmful, there will be enough males for the survival of the species even without him. Females build nests, keep the fire burning and poke around in the garden. Males hunt mammoths and beat each other on the head with clubs, and those who are stronger start harems for themselves and drive predators and other males away from them. Therefore, the continuous female lines of our ancestry can be traced much further, and more different mtDNA haplogroups have been preserved than male ones.

Theoretically, after several tens of generations, the number of ancestral mtDNA and Y chromosomes will decrease to a vanishingly small value. In practice, the population retains markers of those genera in which such breaks did not occur - by pure chance or due to rare positive mutations. Genetic diversity is further reduced when, after drought, flood, hungry winter, etc., only a handful of survivors remain from the entire tribe. The diversity of hereditary markers and the genome of the population as a whole can increase both due to strangers accepted into the tribe, and due to random mutations, especially when the population grows - but then famine, war, a volcanic eruption or the advance of a glacier happen again. Surely Adam had brothers and paternal uncles, and Eve had sisters and aunts, but it is impossible to discern their traces using gender markers.

Map of human migrations according to mtDNA data. Image: Popular Mechanics

Eve's African origin was calculated back in the 1980s. Adam - 10 years later: the number of nucleotide pairs in the Y chromosome is thousands of times greater than in mtDNA, and analyzing their sequences is much more difficult. In both cases, based on the distribution of marker mutations in DNA samples of tribal representatives, who, according to ethnographic data, are direct descendants of the first settlers in this territory, markers common to all modern peoples were found only in Africa. Over thousands of years, the tribes that remained in the ancestral home of humanity acquired their own markers, and the heirs of those who settled around the world in different ways acquired their own. Based on the frequency of occurrence of these marks in different regions of the planet, it is possible to reconstruct the routes of ancient migrations both in Africa and around the world. And knowing the probability of the occurrence of random mutations made it possible to calculate the lifespan of our common direct ancestors along the female and male lines - 150-200 thousand and 60-80 thousand years ago, respectively - very approximately and with huge confidence intervals.

From the creation of the world

Billions of years ago, mitochondria were bacteria that took up residence in the cells of primitive eukaryotic (having a cell nucleus with linear chromosomes) organisms and took over the job of producing heat and energy for the host. During their life together, they lost some of their genes as unnecessary while living with everything ready, some were transferred to nuclear chromosomes, and now the double ring of human mtDNA consists of only 16,569 nucleotide base pairs. B o

The majority of the mitochondrial genome is occupied by 37 genes. Due to the high concentration of oxygen free radicals (by-products of glucose oxidation) and the weakness of the mechanism for repairing errors during DNA copying, mutations in mtDNA occur an order of magnitude more often than in nuclear chromosomes. The replacement, loss or addition of one nucleotide here occurs approximately once every 100 generations - about 2500 years. Mutations in mitochondrial genes - disruptions in the functioning of cellular energy plants - very often cause hereditary diseases.

Cellular power station
The only function of mitochondria is the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water and synthesis using the energy of cellular fuel released during this process - ATP and the universal reducing agent (proton carrier) NADH. (NADH is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - try to pronounce it without hesitation.) Even this simple task requires dozens of enzymes, but most of the protein genes needed for the work and maintenance of mitochondria have long been transferred to the chromosomes of host cells. In mtDNA, only the transfer RNA genes that supply amino acids to the ribosomes synthesizing proteins (indicated by single-letter Latin symbols of the corresponding amino acids), two ribosomal RNA genes - 12s RNA and 16s RNA (the genes for mitochondrial ribosome proteins are located in the cell nucleus) and some (not all) genes remain proteins of the main mitochondrial enzymes - NADH dehydrogenase complex (ND1-ND6, ND4L), cytochrome c oxidase (COI-III), cytochrome b (CYTb) and two protein subunits of the ATP synthetase enzyme (ATPase8 and 6). For the needs of molecular genealogy, a non-coding region is used - the D-loop, consisting of two hypervariable regions, low and high resolution - HVR1 and HVR2.

There are no tandem repeats, which are used in male DNA genealogy, in mtDNA, and there are very few meaningless sequences: genes are located close to each other, separated by insertions of several nucleotides. The so-called displacement loop, a non-coding region of 1143 nucleotide pairs in size, is mainly suitable for molecular genetic studies. But mutations in it occur (or rather, persist, since they practically do not affect the functioning of mitochondria) even more often, about once every 1000 years. This hypervariable region of mtDNA is divided into two segments lying on either side of the zero point, from which the divergence of the mtDNA double helix begins when it is copied. In the interval from nucleotides 16,001 to 16,569 there is a “low resolution region”, HVR1 ( hypervariable region

1), by which you can determine the haplogroup and, if you’re lucky, get a little additional information. Deviations from the standard in the high resolution region (HVR2), in nucleotides 1–575, are used for detailed analysis. True, for an individual pedigree it is not possible to trace kinship on the maternal side as accurately as on the paternal side.

Women's logic

Confusion with classification in molecular genealogy along the female line began in 1981, when scientists at the University of Cambridge published the results of the first sequencing - analysis of the nucleotide sequence - of human mtDNA, obtained under the direction of Nobel laureate Frederick Sanger. This text of 16,569 nucleotides, Cambridge Reference Sequence

, CRS), and accepted as the standard. Deviations from it are called mutations and are designated by a combination of a number (nucleotide number) and a letter (nucleotide name). For example, 1651C means that nucleotide number 1651 (in the “standard” CRS this is thymine, T) is replaced by cytosine (C), and 315.1C means that after the 315th nucleotide one extra cytosine is inserted into the “standard” chain .

CRS belongs to one of the youngest mtDNA haplogroups. It is the result of hundreds of mutations of the original sequence leading back to "Eve". But changing the established classification is too difficult; it is easier to adapt to the existing nomenclature.

Simplified tree of mitochondrial haplogroups. Image: Popular Mechanics

MtDNA haplogroups, like Y-chromosomal ones, are designated by Latin letters (this sometimes leads to confusion among amateurs when one of the disputants writes about the maternal group, and the other about the paternal group). Male haplogroups A to R are indexed in the order in which the corresponding point mutations appear on the family tree. The most ancient female ones belong to the L supergroup, from L0 to L3, and the relatively later ones, found among the Indians of South America and their Asian relatives, received indices from A to D. Moreover, despite the fact that there are much more places for mutations on the Y chromosome more, female haplogroups are much more diverse, and for newly identified intermediate groups it is necessary to introduce combined indices like CZ and pre-JT.

Thousands of years and kilometers

The author of the book “Seven Daughters of Eve” Brian Sykes came up with names for the supposed ancestors of most of the European population - Ursula (haplogroup U), Xenia (X), Elena (H), Velda (V), Tara (T), Catherine (K) and Jasmine (J). You can trace and map the main roads along which they and the rest of our great-great-grandmothers roamed in time and space, and calculate the estimated time for each fork - the appearance of a new mutation, from the first “daughters of Eve” to the most recent - haplogroups I and V, which only about 15,000 years old.

Descendants of survivors

The descendants of “Helen”, carriers of the mitochondrial haplogroup H, which already includes more than 30 subgroups, make up the vast majority - about 40% - of the modern population of Europe. Perhaps the replacement of just one nucleotide in a non-coding (and in fact, involved in the regulation of mitochondrial genes) segment is one of the last evolutionary changes in the human genome, which led to an increase in the population of carriers of this haplogroup. In 2005, researchers from Newcastle University, led by Professor Patrick Chinnery, found that among patients who had suffered a severe bacterial infection, the survival rate of carriers of haplogroup H was twice as high as that of representatives of nine other haplogroups. Perhaps this is what caused its spread in Europe.

But, looking at such a map, we must take into account that mtDNA groups spread across the Earth much wider than Y-chromosomal ones. It would seem that traveling is a man’s business, but men returned from them with proceeds or booty (as well as with brides or captives). Many, of course, remained in the conquered lands, but even the campaigns of Attila and Genghis Khan were nothing compared to the fact that in most nations the wife moved to her husband’s house, and her daughters also got married in a neighboring village. As a result, the diversity of female haplogroups in modern populations is several times greater than that of males.

Earth, 1500... Image: Popular Mechanics

In large-scale studies like the Genography Project, only a low-resolution zone in mtDNA, HVR1, is analyzed, which can be used to determine membership in one of two dozen maternal haplogroups. Moreover, the more widespread your group is, the more distant relatives you will find in the database. But all DNA samples, both those obtained during routine work from “typical natives” and those sent by individual participants, are stored for years and decades, so for a fee, those who want to clarify the details of their molecular genealogy can order additional tests, narrowing the number of matching haplotypes. True, even the complete coincidence of all markers in both regions of the loop, HVR1 and HVR2, between two people only indicates that with a 50% probability their common great-great-grandmother on the maternal side lived about 700 years ago. It is possible to sequence the entire mtDNA sequence and a few somatic markers, but this is unlikely to provide additional information about individual genealogy, except in special cases. One of the endless Brazilian series revolves around endless DNA tests, but in life everything is much simpler - and much more complicated.

About the purity of blood

Based on sex markers, it is possible not to detect the presence of “black” genes even in a very black mulatto, if his father’s mother and mother’s father were black. To find an eighth of African blood (see sidebar about Pushkin) in an individual sample, and not in a sufficiently large sample, it is unknown how many thousands of somatic markers need to be sorted and whether this is possible in principle.

Our everything
One of the recent genographic studies revealed that typically African markers are found in the chromosomes of 30% of Americans who sincerely consider themselves white - greetings to them from the great Ethiopian poet A.S.
Pushkin! Let's use the example of Alexander Sergeevich to look at some of the difficulties that you can stumble upon when figuring out your individual pedigree using DNA. The “sun of Russian poetry” received 1/8 of his genes from Ethiopia and Germany: the poet’s great-grandmother, née Christina-Regina von Schöberch, said: “Shorn shorts make me shornes repeat…” Pushkin’s grandfather, Osip Abramovich, received half of the Ethiopian genes, including Y chromosome - most likely, one of the African groups, A or B. (Such a haplogroup, transmitted through the direct male line, can certainly be found among the fair-haired residents of Pskov and the surrounding area: the Hannibals lived for a long time in the village of Mikhailovskoye, Pskov province).
The sons of Sergei Lvovich Pushkin and Nadezhda Osipovna Gannibal (her mother, Maria Alekseevna Gannibal, also came from the Pushkin family, but from a different branch), had a quarter of Ethiopian genes, but they received mtDNA from their mother, probably (though not necessarily) haplogroup H , and their Y-chromosomal haplogroup, most likely, was the most Slavic, R1a. As Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself wrote, “We descend from the Prussian native Radsha or Racha... who left for Russia during the principality of St. Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky." Pushkin was wrong: Radsha “came from the Germans” a century earlier and, as Pushkinists established, not “from the Germans,” but from Serbia, more precisely, from the city of Petrovaradin. In Serbia, the East Slavic haplogroup R1a is found even more often than in Russia (although I1b is considered typically South Slavic). And if Radsha really came “from the Germans,” then in Prussia R1a is one of the most common groups: both from a common Indo-European ancestor, and from the Lusatians (Sorbs), who long ago moved from the Adriatic Sea far to the north. It is quite possible that many Serbs and Croats named Rajic are relatives of Pushkin.

It is better not to start conversations with specialists in the field of ethnogenomics about “purity of blood” - you may end up with rudeness. Among amateurs there are those who like to measure the length and thickness of chromosomes with representatives of other haplogroups, but for racists and nationalists it is dangerous to do a DNA test: lest this result in a crisis of self-identification. Imagine a combination of neo-Nazi ideology, a blond-haired and blue-eyed phenotype, which is determined by somatic chromosomes, and a typically Jewish haplogroup J1 on the paternal side, and on the maternal side - either Asian or Indian mitochondrial group X. Some of its carriers, moving after the retreating glacier, in the steppes east of the Aral Sea, it turned not to the east, all the way to America, but to the west, reaching in prehistoric times as far as the Orkney Islands off the coast of Scotland. And an Orthodox Jew with the picturesque surname Levitan may well find in himself a truly Nordic, mature Finno-Ugric haplogroup N: Ashkenazi Jews lived for a long time in Western Europe...

Scratch a Russian and you will find a Tatar
There are no indigenous peoples in the world. Even carriers of the most ancient Y-chromosomal haplogroup A in modern Africa are now most often found far from the supposed place of residence of “chromosomal Adam.” Its carriers make up the same 45% of the Bushmen and Hottentot tribes as among the Sudanese Arabs, who are very different from them according to anthropological data. In second place are the Ethiopian tribes Amhara and Oromo, who live approximately in the same place where our ancestor lived in far from heavenly conditions. Who are considered native Englishmen? Iberians who moved to England from the territory of Spain back in the 3rd millennium BC? Celtic tribes who, from about 700 BC. took turns crossing the English Channel from Brittany and displacing their predecessors from their homes? Descendants of Roman legionnaires or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons, Jutes? And what nationality should the Normans be attributed to - the future French or the former Vikings? But according to archaeological data, people lived in the British Isles until the last ice age, and with the retreat of the glacier, completely different tribes populated this land again. So the British, like all modern peoples, are migrants and mestizos.

Studying molecular genealogy is the best way to not only understand that all people are brothers, but also to find additional information for analyzing your personal ancestry. Family Tree database

DNA, the same laboratory in which analyzes for the Genography project are performed, in the spring of 2007 there were over 90,000 Y-DNA test results, more than 41,000 mtDNA analysis records and almost 4,000 family projects. And this is far from the only such base, and access to most of them is open and free or very cheap. True, all studies of connections between surnames and haplotypes are carried out in the countries of Western Europe and North America, and in Russia there is only one such project - the Sychev Family Club. But we still have everything ahead.

We thank Anatoly Klyosov for his help in writing the article.
The material was prepared with the assistance of National Geographic Russia magazine.

Did people come from the Bashkirs?

"AiF": Many peoples have ancient legends about the origin of humanity. Many nations are convinced that they are its ancestors. Having studied the epic "Ural Batyr", where Adam and Eve appear under other names, do you think that humanity originated from... the Bashkirs?

Ernsta Muldashev: Recently I was in Macedonia, where my books were translated. There we were given a lecture on the topic that humanity originated from the Macedonians. I heard the same thing in Mexico, Indonesia and even Easter Island. And some Bashkir scientists are trying to prove the same thing. At the same time, such scientists use the similarity of some words in different languages as a criterion of truth. For example, the Bashkirs have a clan called Katai, the name of which is consonant with the word “China”, in connection with which it is hypothesized that ancient China, which includes the citadel of humanity Tibet, was created by Bashkirs from the clan of Katai.

Bashkir secrets. Was the epic hero Ural-Batyr an Atlantean?

More details

—Where do you think so many nations and languages came from? After all, it would be more reasonable if all people spoke the same language.

— If you follow the logic of such texts as the English “Silmarillion” or the Bashkir “Ural Batyr”, then you can understand that in ancient times there was a multi-intelligent world. Various intelligent forms lived in it: angels, people, hobbits, gnomes, divas, dragons and other creatures who could communicate with each other using some kind of common language. Such a world was created, apparently, so that there would always be competition between life forms and devilish pride would not appear.

However, as is clear from ancient writings, the multi-intelligent world is mired in continuous wars. In this regard, God decided to create a mono-intelligent world and transfer the reins of government to one of the intelligent life forms - people. But God also provided a system of competition here, creating many nations and languages so that they would compete for leadership in the world. Now the English nation is in the lead, but no one knows what will happen in the future.

Article on the topic

Atlanta from Bashkiria. Are the giants of the past still alive?

— Do you want to say that every nation has its own Adam and Eve?

- No. Babylonian Adam and Eve were 11-meter giants. Ural Batyr was also a giant. What kind of nation can we talk about here, because now there are no giants.

In my opinion, the giants of the past are a universal phenomenon, rooted in the civilizations of the Atlanteans and Lemurians, who had no nationality. The growth of the Atlanteans reached 5-7 meters, and the Lemurians - 10-20 meters. The Atlanteans and Lemuirians, in our opinion, are still in a state of samadhi, or self-preservation of the human body, which, according to Tibetan lamas, can last for thousands and millions of years.

Moreover, I want to say that samadhi, which is well known in the Himalayas and Tibet, exists in other places on the planet. Just remember the “grave” of the 5-meter giant, in which, according to Bashkir legends, he is in a sitting position, characteristic of samadhi. How can one not think about this phenomenon, and not in the Himalayas, but in Bashkiria! How can one not think that samadhi has a worldwide distribution, called the gene pool of humanity!

Babylonian Adam was an 11-meter giant (above). Other giants (below) entered a state of samadhi to preserve the gene pool of humanity.

Two wifes

Lilith is described as one who tried to have equal rights with her husband. She did not carry out his wishes unquestioningly and eventually refused to comply completely.

As a result, she tried to escape, for which she was caught and punished. What has she become? There are also different versions of this. For some, she is a seducing devil, and for others, she is a demon executing babies.

"Lilith", artist Roberto Ferri

And then the second wife appeared, Eva. In order for her to submit to her husband, God used his rib. But despite this, troubles could not be avoided.

The fact is that there were 2 trees growing in the divine garden. One is life, the second is knowledge.

Eternal life was ensured thanks to the first, but God did not say anything about the second and generally imposed a ban on its fruits. Otherwise death will follow.

At first, Adam and Eve did not even think about the forbidden fruits, but this did not last long.

The cunning serpent, who also lived in the Garden of Eden, decided to persuade Eve to try the fruits from the Tree of Knowledge, and he succeeded. Then she fed them to Adam too.

God punished them, but not with the promised death, but simply with expulsion from Paradise and deprivation of eternal life.

By the way, he didn’t leave the snake either and sent him after them.

"Expulsion from Paradise", Michelangelo Buonarotti

After Adam and Eve came to earth, they had a hard time. The man experienced hard work to support his family.

And the woman had to complete obedience to her husband, housekeeping and painful childbirth. To prevent them from returning to the Garden of Eden, God provided a cherub guard right at the entrance.

Of all the sons, only the third son, Seth, succeeded in continuing the family line. He is considered the ancestor of Noah.

True, how he did it is unknown. After all, apart from the parents and 3 sons, logically they were the first and only ones on earth.

The main significance of the creation of man for the Orthodox

It is important to remember that everything around us belongs to the creator - even the smallest grain of sand. He gave us this world along with plants and animals, and now we can live.

Of course, it is impossible to cover the entire spectrum of interest, and this text is only a small grain of that information volume. But here it is important to remember - faith should always remain faith. You can and should be curious, but you shouldn’t look for evidence of what should be in your heart.

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Was Adam dark?

Answers explains that two people with the right mixture of dominant and recessive genes for the amount of melanin could produce people of all shades of color. Thus, if Adam and Eve were medium brown, this would explain the presence of all shades from "black" to "white" in their children and future generations. For the same reason, Adam and Eve probably had brown eyes and dark hair.

In the same way, if Adam had blood type “A”, and Eve had blood type “B”, then all the blood groups of the “AB-0” system (A, AB, A, 0) could have come from them.

See: Race and Racial Issues from a Christian Perspective

Adam had his FIRST OPERATION

Consider Genesis 2:21-22,

“And the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and when he fell asleep, he took one of his ribs and covered that place with flesh. And the Lord God created a wife from a rib taken from a man, and brought her to the man. And the man said, Behold, this is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she will be called woman, for she was taken from man.”

Genesis 3:20 says:

“And Adam called his wife’s name Eve, for she became the mother of all living.”

The first woman (first wife) was created directly from a part of Adam. She was also not born of a woman. Adam and Eve were unique. Neither he nor she could have a belly button. When you think about it, this was an amazing testimony for everyone who saw them alive. They had proof that they were the first people.

After the creation of the world, God created the first people - Adam and Eve

After the creation of the world, God created the first people - Adam and Eve. They lived in paradise, God allowed them to live as they wanted, eat, drink, live in peace and quiet.

But there was only one prohibition, God forbade them to eat the fruits of only one tree.

One day Eve was tempted by the devil, and she disobeyed the commands of God and ate fruit from the very tree from which it was forbidden to eat fruit. After which she gave this fruit to Adam, and he also tasted it.

Adam and Eve in Paradise. Over time, they had two sons - Cain and Abel

Then the first fall of people took place. God expelled Adam and Eve from paradise because they disobeyed His commands.

He expelled them from paradise, and Adam and Eve began to live on earth. They cultivated the land, engaged in livestock farming and other labor, hoping that God would forgive them and return them to the Kingdom of Heaven.

After the Fall, God expelled Adam and Eve from paradise and they began to live on earth

Over time, they had two sons - Cain and Abel. Abel and his brother Cain, just like their parents, tried to please God in everything and lived according to God’s commandments.

Abel was engaged in cattle breeding, and Cain grew plants. They very often brought their sacrifices to God, trying to appease and receive mercy.

Cain lit a fire, throwing fresh ears of corn into it, taken from his harvest, and Abel sacrificed a lamb to God. The Lord saw that Abel made a sincere sacrifice, but Cain did not.

Therefore, God accepted a sincere sacrifice, but ignored Cain’s sacrifice.

Cain and Abel make a sacrifice to God. Cain lit a fire, throwing fresh ears of corn into it, taken from his harvest, and Abel sacrificed a lamb to God

Then Cain became very angry with his brother. Every day he hated Abel more and more, anger grew more and more in his heart.

Then Cain killed Abel, calling him to the field with him.

When the Lord saw this, he asked Cain where his brother was. And he answered him that he did not know. Any murder is a sin, and shedding the blood of a loved one is doubly bloody.

Cain lost his mind so much that the thought of killing his loved one, his brother, arose in his head.

Adam was the FIRST FARMER

In Genesis 2:15 we read, “And the Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to till it and to keep it.” Adam, the first man, was commanded to work and tend the garden that God created.

It wouldn't be boring and tiring. For Adam this would be a joy. It was a perfect garden. There were no thorns and thistles, which appeared after God cursed the land. And since everything that God created was “very good” (Genesis 1:31), then Adam, and the plants, and the garden, and everything else had to be perfect.

How different the world has become today! How different gardening and farming have become today!

Temptation.

It is unknown how long Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden (according to the Book of Jubilees, Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden for 7 years) and were in a state of purity and innocence.

The serpent, who “was more cunning than all the beasts of the field that the Lord God had created,” used tricks and cunning to convince Eve to try the fruit of the forbidden Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Eve refuses, citing God, who forbade them to eat from this tree and promised death to anyone who tasted this fruit. The serpent tempts Eve, promising that, having tasted the fruit, people will not die, but will become Gods who know Good and Evil. It is known that Eve could not stand the temptation and committed the first sin.

Why does the snake act as a symbol of evil?

The serpent is an important image in ancient pagan religions. Because snakes shed their skin, they were often symbolized with rebirth, including nature's cycles of life and death. Therefore, the image of a snake was used in fertility rituals, especially those associated with seasonal cycles.

For the Jewish people, the snake was a symbol of polytheism and paganism, the natural enemy of Yahweh and monotheism.

Why did Sinless Eve allow herself to be deceived by the serpent?

Comparison, albeit indirect, between man and God led to the emergence of anti-God sentiments and curiosity in the soul of Eve. It is precisely these sentiments that push Eve to intentionally violate God’s commandment.

The co-cause of the Fall of Adam and Eve was their free will. Violation of God's commandment was only suggested to Adam and Eve, but not imposed. Both husband and wife participated in their fall of their own free will, for outside free will there is no sin and no evil. The devil only incites sin, but does not force it.

Adam was the FIRST TAXONOMIST

It says that Adam named many animals: Genesis 2:19-20:

“The Lord God formed from the ground every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and brought [them] to man, that he might see what he would call them, and that whatever man called every living thing, that should be its name. And the man gave names to all the livestock, and to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for man there was no helper like him.”

Man has always given things names. Scientists who give names to various animals and plants are called taxonomists. All students of taxonomy know how difficult it is to remember all these names. Adam shouldn't have had this problem because he was created perfect. He had to be as smart as humanly possible.

Adam and Eve's first children: Cain and Abel

The sons of Adam and Eve are the founders of the main activities of the first people. The eldest son Cain cultivated the land. The second son Abel became a cattle breeder. When the time came to make offerings to God (the results of one’s labors), Cain’s gift was not accepted by the Lord. The Bible does not indicate why God chose Abel over Cain.

Saint John Chrysostom said about this:

Cain killed his brother Abel out of envy. For this crime, God cursed Cain:

Cain and his wife left their native place and moved east of Eden. There he builds the city of Enoch in honor of his son.

The descendants of Cain were born vicious, immoral people. They cared only about their benefits and pleasures. The descendants of Cain formed a phenomenon that in our time is called “civilization.” So, Jubal laid the foundation for playing the harp. Tubalcain forged metal tools. Nothing is mentioned in the Bible about Cain's later life.

What was the name of Adam's son?

Adam/Sons

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Interesting Facts

Russia is rich in people with the divine gift of prediction. Among them was a pious monk named Abel. The prophet was famous for giving accurate predictions regarding Russian rulers. Born in 1757 in Tula, the boy grew up in a simple family. He tried himself as a carpenter, but soon decided to devote himself to God and became a monk.
The man said he heard voices and saw visions. Among his prophecies are predictions for Catherine the Great, Paul the First and a story about the future of the Romanov dynasty. The monk died in prison in 1831, having predicted in a letter the death of the last Russian emperor.
In 430 BC. e. A Gnostic sect called the Abelite Movement was created. Its participants chose the biblical hero as their idol. Mentions of this community periodically appeared in historical documents. The final records are dated 1745.

Did Adam have one less rib than Eve?

After reading the passage about the creation of women, people have often asked me why men don't have one less rib than women if God created Eve from the side (or rib) of Adam. My answer to this question is this: if a man had an accident and as a result his leg was amputated, and then he got married and had children, would all his children really be one-legged?

Of course not! The reason for this is that the instructions for the design of our body are contained in the DNA in the nucleus of our cells - in suppressed genes. When God took part of Adam to create Eve, he did not change Adam's genes. All the information in Adam's genes remained in place.

Adam was the FIRST MAN

Let's think now about Adam. Was he born the same way as you and I? Definitely not. He was created directly by God from the dust of the ground.

In Genesis 2:7 we read, “And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.”

Adam was not born of a woman. He was the first man. In 1 Corinthians 15:45 we read, “Thus it is written, The first man Adam became a living soul.” Adam was the first man.

This, by the way, is important, since, besides Adam, no other people were created.

► See the Descent of Man section on CreationSuperLibrary.com

Bible story

Adam was created on the sixth day of the creation of the World. If translated literally from Hebrew, the name of the first man means “created from red earth” (adamah - red earth). Holy Scripture tells that God created Adam in his own image and likeness. What does it mean? The appearance of the first man is bodily perfection, and the internal, that is, spiritual similarity, presupposes development and approach to the Divine principle throughout human life. If an image is given to a person “for use” initially as a home for the soul and is subject to careful preservation, then with a likeness everything is different. From the very beginning, a person has a potential that gives him the opportunity to become like the Lord in the allotted years. Or take a different path and destroy your soul. In other words, a person is endowed with the right to choose, and this is the meaning of the existence of each individual and all humanity.

If we briefly describe the story of Adam and Eve with the apple, the plot is quite simple. Having created Adam, the Lord designated the wonderful Garden of Eden, called Eden in Scripture, as his place of residence. The first man was obliged to take care of the garden and protect all its inhabitants. What was the first man like? Naive, like a child who lacks wisdom due to lack of experience? According to Scripture, no. A particle of the Creator was initially invested in the first person, and therefore a particle of Divine wisdom. No wonder God told Adam to give names to all the animals. And therefore He endowed man with will and the right to choose. An unreasonable naive creature is not given such privileges... Adam understood everything and was aware of everything. And he could do what he thought was right.

But, as Genesis says, “it is not good for man to be alone,” that is, the idea of the dual unity of human nature was inherent from the very beginning. Having plunged Adam into a deep sleep, the Lord created a mate for him from a man’s rib - a woman named Eve (translated as “giver of life”). In the creation of Eve, God’s most important plan was manifested: to bring love into people’s lives, because “God is love,” and only by having love in our souls can we approach the Creator and “abide” in God, and He in us.

The Lord created man pure and sinless, open to the world. And the world was open to man: there was no grief, illness, fatigue, or evil.

Having endowed the first people with free will (the right to choose), the Lord set them only one condition: they could eat any fruit from the trees of the Garden of Eden; it was only forbidden to eat those that ripened on the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. For about seven years, the first people lived in Eden in purity, love and integrity, and then the Fall happened. The reason was the devil-tempter in the form of a serpent, who descended into the garden and tempted Adam’s wife. Eve wanted the likeness to the Creator promised by the serpent, bypassing unity with Him. The serpent inspired the woman that God was deceiving them, and that Adam and Eve would become equal to Him if only they were not afraid to disobey. The temptation to be not likeness, but beings equal to God in His Power turned out to be so great that Eve decided to try the forbidden fruit and treat her husband to it.

The serpent, in essence, is only a tempter. He could not force Adam and Eve to do anything against their own will. When a man ate an apple from the forbidden tree, he made a conscious choice.

The first feeling experienced by people after the Fall was shame. This fact indicates that the first people lost the halo that provided them with a direct connection with God and unity with Him. From now on, grace gave way to shame and pain, and man acquired such a vicious quality as anger. Fearing the wrath of the Lord, Adam and Eve hid about Him in the bushes of Eden and did not want to take responsibility for their own actions: Eve blamed the insidious Serpent for everything, and Adam blamed Eve for persuading him to eat the apple. The “showdown” over who was the first to pick and eat the forbidden fruit ended with a terrible punishment for the first people: they were expelled by the Lord from the Garden of Eden, forever deprived of the grace given by God. Now, in order to continue to exist, they had to learn to survive themselves. The Creator left free will to people; only the path to the Divine principle, salvation of one’s soul and reunification with the Lord now lay through numerous trials and the need to choose between good and evil.

Consequences of the Fall

The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil existed in paradise so that people, having fulfilled God’s only commandment, would show their obedience and desire for the Almighty. Thus, they would consciously renounce evil and choose good. By trusting their Creator and not accepting the devil, people would become even more like God. However, Adam and Eve listened to Satan and thereby broke their union with the Creator. In such a graceless state, Adam and Eve could no longer be in paradise; they “died” for it, as God warned. People were expelled from the Garden of Eden (Gen. 3:23).

Saint John Chrysostom in his “Sermon on the Beginning of the Holy Pentecost” says that

Deacon Andrei Kuraev in his lecture “Man and Woman in the Book of Genesis” expresses the idea that what is happening is not so much an expulsion from God as a divorce, and “instead of a relationship of love with God comes a relationship of law.”

The sin of Adam and Eve deprived human nature of the source of Life and allowed corruption and death into it. Man was created for dominion over nature and communion with God. However, having moved away from Him and disrupted this harmony, he became a mortal being, subject to passions and illnesses.

The Monk Ephraim the Syrian in his “Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures” indicates that Adam and Eve before eating

Saint Gregory of Nyssa in his work “On the Structure of Man” points out that sin is not a property of human nature, but a consequence of evasion from it, a distortion of the good that is innate to us.

Art and religion

Artists, poets, and other artists have not missed the opportunity to use images of the first people on earth since ancient times.

The most famous works are the Ghent Altarpiece, Dürer's diptych, Bosch's triptych and Buonarotti's Expulsion from Paradise. I don’t see any point in listing all the works of art, since there are so many of them.

There is even an asteroid named after the first woman on earth.

Fresco from the Sistine Chapel "The Creation of Eve"

It is not known for certain whether the remains of the ancestors exist at all, and if so, where they are buried.

But the Jews were accustomed to believing that the ashes were buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs, which is located not far from the Jordan. Islam has its own view on this - Muslims believe that this place is located in Jeddah.

It is worth adding that in Islam, Eve is Hawwa. And in the Koran, her name is practically not mentioned next to the name of Adam. Unless indirectly “wife”.

And according to legend, she gave birth to her husband many more children, as many as 39, of which the very last is a son, and the previous ones are all twins.

Where is Eve's grave?

The Tomb of Eve, or Hawwa's Tomb (Arabic: مقبرة أمنا حواء‎ - Mukbarat umna Hawwa), is an archaeological site located in Al-Amariya (Arabic: حي العمارية‎), one of the central inner-city areas of the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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