Temple of the Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka (Moscow)

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55.75787; 37.638494

Russia, Moscow, Maroseyka street, 14/2с3

Moscow

Russia

Church of the Unmercenary Cosmas and Damian of Assia on Maroseyka

- Orthodox Church of the Epiphany Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese.

History[[edit]h2>

The Kosmodamiansky Church that now exists on Maroseyka was built in 1793, but there was a church in this same place earlier, so one should distinguish between two churches: the old and the present.

Exact information is not available when exactly and by whom the old church was built. It is reliably known that it existed at the beginning of the 17th century. Thus, this temple is mentioned in the book of the Patriarchal Treasury Order for the year 1625 and in the “Book of the Tsar’s Salary to Moscow Churches.” From the same evidence one can see that the old church was stone, one-story and two-altar: with a main altar in the name of St. Nicholas and a side altar in the name of Sts. unmercenary Cosmas and Damian. Therefore, in ancient documents it was often called the Church of St. Nicholas, although the name for the Kosmodamian chapel was also retained.

At first, the old church of Cosmas and Damian had neither a porch nor a bell tower; they were added only in 1651. At the end of the 17th century, under the care of Princess Evdokia Andreevna Kurakina, a second upper tier grew over the one-story building, and a new church was built here in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. So the old Kosmodamiansky temple acquired a third name - Kazan. At first, the church was only owned by Princess Kurakina, and the special priest and psalm-reader from Kosmodamiansky were maintained at the expense of the princess. But in 1771 - 1772. The temple came under the control of the Kosmodamian clergy and merged with the parish.

At the same time, i.e. at the end of the 18th century, the Cosmodamian Church fell into complete disrepair. It was a difficult, critical period... But the All-Good Heavenly Father did not abandon her with His mercy, awakening the hearts of good people to zeal. Zealous for the glory of God, the parishioners came to the idea not of repairs, but of building a new church, and, moreover, with some changes in the structure. In July 1790, they came to Metropolitan Platon of Moscow with a petition to tear down the old church and instead build a new one in the name of the Savior, the Healer of the Paralytic, with two chapels: in the name of St. Nicholas and St. unmercenary Cosmas and Damian. Thus, the main altar in the name of St. Nicholas, who was in the old church, was moved to the new one, in the southern aisle; the upper tier with the throne in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was destroyed, and the main throne was dedicated to the Savior, the Healer of the paralytic.

It is remarkable that the name of the new church along the aisle Kosmodamiansky was still retained, although after the main altar it was sometimes called Spassky. This is the very temple that exists today. Almost all the parishioners made more or less significant donations for the construction of this temple, but the head of the donors and the soul of the holy cause was Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Rodionovich Khlebnikov: the charter of the temple was also issued in his name in January 1791.

In December 1793, the new Cosmodamian Church was completed in rough construction, and only the southern aisle was completely decorated in the name of St. Nicholas, who was consecrated on December 18 of the same 1793. From that time on, services began in the new church. After 2 years, namely, on October 21, 1795, the northern aisle was consecrated in the name of Sts. unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian, and the main one - in the name of the Savior, the Healer of the paralytic, representing the only temple in Moscow with this name - was consecrated on October 4, 1803. You can see that the new Kosmodamian temple was built over a period of 12 years.

The project by the famous Russian architect Matvey Kazakov combines individual parts and lines with remarkable skill. The structure of the temple aisles is original: the northern Kosmodamiansky and the southern Nikolsky. These chapels are placed in a space that has a strictly consistent circular shape. The real church and partly its altar also have the appearance of a circle.

During the invasion of Moscow by enemies in 1812, the Cosmodamian Church suffered a common fate with other churches, losing a significant part of its property and decorations, and did not soon recover from the devastation that befell it.

Until 1857, the temple was divided into 2 halves: winter and summer. The “cold” temple in the name of the Savior, the Healer of the paralytic was locked for the winter, while the “warm” one consisted only of a refectory and two chapels and was not distinguished by its spaciousness. In winter it was especially crowded here, and in 1857 an oven was built in the basement under the church. So the cold church became warm. Since that time, for almost 40 years, no major capital work has been carried out in the Cosmodamian Church. And in 1893 the temple was renovated inside and out. This magnificent renovation of the Cosmodamian Church was all the more pleasant because it coincided with the centenary of the construction and consecration of the St. Nicholas chapel, which was celebrated with great solemnity on December 18, 1893, with a religious procession around the church in front of a huge crowd of pilgrims.

The chronicles of the Cosmodamian Church record several cases of grace-filled healings received by the sick from the temple icon of the Savior, the Healer of the Paralytic. This icon has been a particularly revered shrine since the very construction and consecration of this temple, attracting pious fans from different places in the capital. This is especially noticeable on the temple holiday, the only holiday in all of Moscow, celebrated on the third Sunday after Easter.

For a long time it has been established to perform a prayer service before this holy icon every Saturday, at the end of the all-night vigil; Moreover, at this prayer service there is a special troparion, a special prokeimenon, a special Gospel and a special, extremely touching prayer.

In the early thirties, the temple shared the fate of many Russian shrines: the parish was dispersed, the icons and decorations of the temple were confiscated, and they disappeared without a trace. A decree to blow up the temple had already been signed, but the Lord did not allow this. Subsequently, the building was used as an industrial warehouse, a motorcycle club, an archive, and art classes.

In the 60s, three church houses were demolished, and in their place a huge administrative building was built, to which the church was transferred for archive use. In those same years, a partial restoration of the church was carried out - after external repairs, the external decoration of the temple was restored, gilded crosses were erected. However, the interior was disfigured by floor coverings and many partitions. Due to numerous redevelopments, the floor had a strong slope.

On June 22, 1993, the Moscow Government issued a decree on the transfer of the building of the Cosmodamian Church to the Russian Orthodox Church. Repair work began, prayer singing to the Savior and Saints Cosmas and Damian was resumed. On November 14, 1993, on the day of remembrance of the holy unmercenaries and wonderworkers Cosmas and Damian, the first Liturgy took place in the right aisle. Some time later, worship was restored in the central altar.

History of the creation of the church

The temple has existed since the 17th century. Its building was destroyed from time to time for various reasons. But the building was always restored. People could not accept that there would be no spiritual abode for Damian and Cosmas. Centuries flew by, the temple changed many names. However, there was always a prefix with the names of the brother healers.

At the end of the 18th century, the cathedral was transferred to the Kosmodamian parish. The temple was in terrible condition, the parishioners asked Metropolitan Plato to approve the process of building a new church instead of the old one. He agreed. Construction work was carried out at the expense of collected donations from people and the large contribution of Lieutenant Colonel Khlebnikov, who worked for this cathedral together with the parishioners. The church was rebuilt over 12 long years.

Shrines[[edit]h2>

Revered temple icon of the Lord who healed the paralytic

• Revered temple icon of the Lord who healed the paralytic;
• Revered icon of St. the unmercenary and miracle workers Cosmas and Damian of Asia with a particle of relics;
• Revered icon and relics of St. Martyr Boniface;
• Revered icon of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra of Lycia, Wonderworker;
• Revered icon of the Archangel Michael;
• The revered icon of all the saints in the Russian land who have shone;
• The revered icon of St. Luke of Voino-Yasenetsky with a piece of his relics.

Interesting facts and legends

When Napoleonic troops attacked Moscow lands in 1812, the Cosmodamian Church and other churches were plundered almost to the ground. People and patriarchs could not come to their senses for a long time after the enemy’s invasion.

At a certain period of the Cosmodamian Church, an elder was appointed - P. P. Botkin. He was a professor of medical sciences. His grandson served as a doctor in the royal family of Nicholas II. It is known that the poet Tyutchev and the writer Dostoevsky often visited the Russian shrine.

In the 1930s, as Soviet power unfolded, many churches were damaged and some were even destroyed. The government believed that religion only got in the way. This means that its sources need to be gotten rid of. As for the Moscow temple of Cosmas and Damian, its valuables were confiscated and then lost. At some point, the authorities planned to blow up the church, but, apparently, higher powers ordered otherwise. As a result, it was decided to use the shrine premises as a warehouse.

Pilgrim[[edit]h2>

The temple is open daily from 8:00 to 21:00, on Sundays from 8:00 to 19:00.

Schedule of services:

On Sundays: prayer service for selected saints - 8:00; confession, hours - 8:30; Liturgy - 9:00. The day before at 17:00 - all-night vigil.

On Wednesdays: confession, matins, hours, Liturgy - 8:00. At 17:00 Vespers. At 17:30, a prayer service for the sick with the reading of an akathist to Saints Cosmas and Damian.

On Thursdays: confession, matins, hours, Liturgy - 8:00. At 6:00 p.m., a prayer service for water with the reading of the akathist to St. martyr Boniface.

On Saturdays: Confession, Matins, Hours, Liturgy, Requiem Service - 8:00.

On holidays: confession, hours - 8:00; Liturgy - 9:00. The day before at 17:00 - all-night vigil.

Schedule of services for the month

Baptism in the temple is performed by complete immersion.

Current status of the Temple of Damian and Cosmas

Now the temple has almost been restored: the façade of the building has been repaired and gilded crosses have been installed.

There is a Sunday school at the church, where the following groups of children study:

• 1.5-4 years. The kids sculpt from plasticine, draw, and learn common prayer. They are already starting to be told about spiritual things.
• 5-7 years. The children practice singing, draw, and make crafts with their own hands.
• Primary classes. They study the basics of God's Law and learn historical data about the church.
• Senior classes. They begin to learn the history of the culture and customs of Christianity.

Activities of the parish[[edit]h2>

Interior decoration

• Every week on Saturdays at 15:00, in the northern aisle of the church, public conversations are held before the Sacrament of Baptism.

• There is a parish Sunday school at the church, classes are held on Saturdays and Sundays.

• There is a teenager (youth) club at the temple, classes are held on Fridays at 18.30.

• There is an Orthodox youth seminar at the church, classes are held on Sundays at 18.30.

• Every year from the end of September to the end of May on Thursdays at 18-30 Catechesis is held, i.e. classes for everyone who wants to receive the sacrament of Holy Baptism, as well as for those who have previously received Holy Baptism and want to become a church member.

• Hieromonk John (Guaita) regularly holds meetings with young people and leads the “Family and Children” group.

• Pilgrimage trips to the holy places of Russia and Christian abroad are regularly organized.

Psychological assistance[[edit]h3>

• Professional psychologists provide assistance both to the parishioners of the Temple and to everyone who makes an appointment.

• Self-help groups meet 4 times a week.

• Group classes and lectures are organized for the purpose of psychological education.

Social service[[edit]h3>

• The church has implemented a social project “Let’s Help Together” with the goal of promptly providing assistance to those near and far in difficult life situations (illness, accident, etc.).

• The Noah House of Diligence is a working community of people who, for various reasons, found themselves homeless in Moscow and turned to the temple for help.

• Assistance is provided to prisoners in pre-trial detention center No. 2 (Butyrskaya prison).

• There is a correspondence group with convicts.

• Help is provided to large families.

• Help is provided to parishioners in need.

• Help is provided to persons suffering from alcoholism and drug addiction.

• The temple provides free space for meetings and classes to groups of addicts according to the 12 Steps program (on Sundays at 7 p.m.) and to groups AA and ALANON - relatives of those suffering from alcoholism.

• On Saturdays at 18:00. The group “Narcotics Anonymous” meets in one of the premises of the temple.

• A group of parishioners of the temple conducts a ministry of mercy at the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital (RCCH). The group has a website on the Internet (www.deti.msk.ru) and a registered “Regional Public Charitable Fund for Helping Seriously Ill and Disadvantaged Children” (RBFP), through which funds are raised and assistance is provided to children undergoing treatment at the RCCH. The Foundation has a Charter and a Certificate of Registration. ROBFP was registered in 1997.

• On Thursdays (separate announcement) from 12 to 17 o'clock items are accepted for urgently needy residents of the Tula region. The collected items and products are transported to the Tula region once a month in a GAZelle truck.

How to get there[[edit]h2>

Address:

125009, Stoleshnikov lane, 2, Moscow, Russia.

Telephone/fax:

(495) 629-41-04, (495) 629-52-62 (fax)

Directions:

Nearest metro stations: Pushkinskaya, Chekhovskaya, Tverskaya - walk along Tverskaya Street or Bolshaya Dmitrovka towards the center.

Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya - walk along Tverskaya Street or Bolshaya Dmitrovka from the center.

Trolleybuses 1 and 12, Buses 12ts and N1. Stop "Tverskaya Square".

Access to the temple from Tverskaya Street. through the pedestrian zone, or from Bolshaya Dmitrovka through Tverskoy passage around house 15 and the Dolgoruky monument. The entrance situation changes every day. There is no parking.

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