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Russia Moscow Church of Lazarus and the Nativity of the Virgin Mary on Senya Loading map...
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55.751427; 37.61477
Russia, Moscow, Central Administrative District, Tverskoy district, Kremlin, Dvortsovaya street
Moscow
Russia
Telephone
(tour desk): 8 495 695-41-46; 8 495 697-03-49
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary on Senyakh
(Resurrection of Lazarus) is the oldest (except for the basement of the Annunciation Cathedral of the Kremlin) of the architectural monuments of Moscow that have partially survived to this day. Located in the Moscow Kremlin, it is part of the Grand Kremlin Palace complex.
History[[edit]h2>
The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary on Senya is the oldest surviving architectural monument of the Kremlin. It was built in 1393-1394. commissioned by the widow of Dmitry Donskoy, Princess Evdokia, presumably in memory of the Battle of Kulikovo. This is evidenced by the dedication of the temple to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, which according to the Christian calendar coincides with the date of the Battle of Kulikovo. The new church took the place of the wooden Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus and was located in the female half of the princely palace as a house church.
The four-pillar, three-apse church, built of white stone, has been preserved up to half the height of the walls with the main portal and part of the windows. The western pillars, round in plan, carry a vaulted choir ceiling, the presence of which is confirmed by an internal staircase located in the north-west corner. The architecture of the temple combines the features of the Vladimir-Suzdal (round pillars, portal frame, blades) and early Moscow architectural schools. The keel-shaped ends of the portal and niches and rose windows indicate that they belong to the latter.
In 1395, the temple was painted by Theophanes the Greek and Daniil Cherny with their disciples. In 1479, probably due to a fire, the top of the building collapsed, but the church was soon rebuilt. In connection with the construction of the new stone grand-ducal palace, Aleviz the New, who built it, also rebuilt the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in 1514. Having preserved the ancient temple as a basement, the architect added a new volume to it at the level of the residential tier of the palace, which housed the main altar. The basement was allocated to the chapel of Lazarus, which was previously located at the altar. There is practically no information about the appearance of the Alevizov temple. We have the clearest image of it in the drawing of “Kremlinagrad” from the early 1600s, where it is shown as three-domed with three apses and two aisles, which most likely appeared no earlier than the second half of the 16th century.
The building underwent a radical restructuring in 1681-1684. under Fyodor Alekseevich, when the Alevizovsky temple was replaced by a single-domed church with a rectangular altar and a refectory on the western side. The Lazarevsky chapel was abolished, and in the 18th century. the basement turns into a storage room. When the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace began in 1838, the side church of Lazarus in the ancient basement was restored, and eclectic details in the style of the 17th century were introduced into the architectural design of the temple.
In 1923-1928. and in 1949-1952. A fundamental restoration of the oldest monument of the Kremlin and Moscow, preserved in the basement level, was carried out.
Shrines and patronal feasts
The patronal feast days of the most ancient shrine are September 21 - the Nativity of the Mother of God, the last Saturday before Easter - Lazarus Saturday.
The miraculous Feodorovskaya icon of the Mother of God, before which the young boyar Mikhail Romanov was named Tsar, was brought to the shrine by the mother of Emperor Mikhail Fedorovich.
The Kostroma Assumption Cathedral is now the custodian of the wonderful Feodorovsky image of the Mother of God.
The left side of the royal gate was decorated with the squeak of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, decorated with a silver icon case.
A golden chasuble with 2555 diamonds adorned the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands.
Pilgrim[[edit]h2>
The architectural ensemble is open to the public from 10:00 to 17:00.
From May 15 to September 30 from 9:30 to 18:00.
Day off is Thursday.
A single ticket for visiting the architectural ensemble of Cathedral Square gives the right to view the Assumption, Archangel, and Annunciation Cathedrals, the Church of the Deposition of the Robe, the Patriarchal Chambers with the Church of the Twelve Apostles, the exhibition “Treasures and Antiquities of the Moscow Kremlin” in the basement of the Annunciation Cathedral, and the exhibition of Russian wooden sculpture in the covered gallery of the church Placing the Robe, an exhibition dedicated to the Ascension Monastery in the southern annex of the Archangel Cathedral.
Ticket price (without discounts) - 500 rubles.
The ticket price for Russian full-time students and pensioners (upon presentation of the relevant documents) is 250 rubles.
The architectural ensemble and exhibitions are free to visit:
Persons under 16 years of age, regardless of citizenship; members of large families; persons receiving a survivor's pension; disabled people of groups I and II; children with childhood disabilities; children under the care of the state (orphans); WWII participants and equivalent categories; museum staff (RF and CIS); clergy (Russian Federation and CIS); members of the Society of Friends of the Museum; conscripts. Persons under 18 years of age - every second Tuesday of the calendar month.
Tickets can be purchased:
— Online on the museum’s website, except for discounted and free ones;
— at the box office in the Alexander Garden from 9:30 to 16:30.
From May 15 to September 30 from 9:00 to 16:30. Day off is Thursday.
Additional services:
— excursions accompanied by a museum guide.
Amateur photography and video shooting in cathedral museums is prohibited.
Attention! A visit to the Armory Chamber requires a separate ticket.
Church of the Placing of the Robe of the Mother of God in Blachernae, 1486
The church was built in memory of the saving miracle. The Tatar army besieged the city. The residents had no choice but to pray. The next morning the Tatars left, leaving behind all the stolen goods. True, the first wooden church burned down, and this one was built in its place.
For a long time, the church was a house church (located in an institution or private home) for metropolitans, and later for patriarchs. In 1635 it was handed over to the sovereign. At the same time, a passage was built that connected the church with the queen’s chambers.
At the moment it is one of the most beautiful buildings in Moscow. This is the smallest church in the architectural ensemble of the Kremlin. Currently, services are not held there. In 1965, it received the status of a museum exhibit.
Cathedral of the Assumption of the Mother of God, 1479
One of the most important cathedrals in Russian history. It was built by order of Moscow Prince Ivan III. Significant events took place here: royal weddings, coronation of emperors, announcement of state acts, prayers before military campaigns.
The Assumption Cathedral had a leading position. The heads of state ensured that its decoration corresponded to its status. Only the most outstanding artists from all over the country could paint walls and paint icons. The interior of the cathedral is a unique collection of monuments of Russian medieval art. In 1917 the cathedral became a museum. Since 1990, worship services have been resumed here.
Trinity Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, 1422
The main cathedral church, the oldest of all the buildings of the Trinity Monastery. It was built in honor of Sergius of Radonezh. His relics are also kept there. There are always many people here who want to venerate the shrine.
Trinity Cathedral is an outstanding architectural monument. The interior decoration was done by Andrey Rublev. Unfortunately, the ancient painting has not survived. All you will see there is iconography, in other words, an exact copy.
The cathedral is active, services and prayers are regularly held here, and the brethren of the monastery take monastic vows.
Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, 1405
The initiator of the construction of the monastery was Zvenigorod Prince Yuri Dmitrievich, founded by the monk Savva. The Cathedral of the Nativity is the first stone building of the ensemble, one of the few surviving examples of Moscow architecture from the early 15th century. The four-pillar, single-domed cathedral church is built of white brick; its features are a minimum of decor, modesty and austerity. The interior decoration is the result of a radical reconstruction that was carried out in the 16th century. There is information that the design of the cathedral was originally carried out by masters from the circle of Andrei Rublev. In 1913, restorers discovered the remains of frescoes dating back to the 15th century.
As noted above, the cathedral is located on the territory of the monastery and is active.
Church of the Assumption in Zvenigorod, 1399
The history of this temple echoes the history of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. It was built by order of Prince Yuri Dmitrievich in honor of a successful campaign against the Volga Bulgars. Style – early Moscow school of Russian architecture. It was also painted by Andrei Rublev and Danila Chernykh, but only a small part of the frescoes has survived to this day. White stone church - it seems that there are hundreds of them in Russia, but there are no. It was preserved almost in its original form, and yet it is the most ancient temple in Zvenigorod. Operating, it was not closed even in Soviet times.
Spassky Cathedral of the Andronikov Monastery 1399 – 1427
Little is known about this cathedral. The monastery was founded by Metropolitan Alexy. Two attempts at construction were made, but the cathedrals suffered a sad fate. The first burned down, there is no information about the second building at all. The third Spassky Cathedral was built in 1399.
The first mention of it dates back to 1763. In the 50s of the 19th century, the cathedral underwent significant changes - an unsuccessful reconstruction. For a long time no one was interested in the temple. It was considered a late construction, but in 1933 a study was carried out that showed the true age of the structure. In the 60s of the 20th century, the temple was restored to its original appearance, all the layers were removed, and the upper forms were restored “on a whim.”
The temple is operational.
Annunciation Cathedral in the Kremlin (ground floor), 1390s
The Annunciation Cathedral is located in the historical center of the capital. It was built by order of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Vladimir. At first it was a small one-domed house church of the princely family. At the beginning of the 15th century, the building was replaced by a new, more spacious one. Over the course of two centuries, the cathedral was supplemented with buildings. It acquired its modern appearance in the 60s of the 16th century.
A distinctive feature of the temple is the high iconostasis, the oldest in Russia.
The cathedral is available for inspection; services are held here, but only on special occasions or on patronal feast days.
Church of the Conception of John the Baptist in Kolomna, 1320s
The church is called the pearl of ancient Russian architecture. Located in the central part of the village of Gorodishche. At the moment it is part of the city limits of Kolomna. Only part of the church has survived to this day; as a result of numerous studies, it was established that the temple was rebuilt back in the 16th century. Great changes in the external and internal appearance of the church took place in 1780. In 1965, the church was restored again, this time in an attempt to return it to its original appearance. True, he is only “supposedly from the 16th century.” An outstanding shrine is the icon “John the Baptist Angel of the Desert”. It is kept not in the church, but in the Tretyakov Gallery.
The temple operates, services are held on its territory and a Sunday school operates.
History of the temple in the 17th-19th centuries
Unfortunately, this church suffered from severe fires more than once, and therefore underwent several restorations and reconstructions. The temple acquired its modern appearance in 1681-1684, under Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich.
The building erected by Aleviz Novy was replaced with a new one, and the walls of the temple were aligned flush with the walls of the Terem Palace. The construction work to renovate the upper temple was led by the architect Fyodor Tikhonov.
The lower Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus was abolished in the 17th century, and its premises began to be used as a warehouse. A little later they simply forgot about him. And only in 1838, when the new Kremlin palace was being built and the lower floor of the old towers was dismantled, the altar and ancient vaults of the abandoned temple were discovered. After which Emperor Nicholas I ordered the restoration of the church and reconsecration of it in honor of the Resurrection of Lazarus.
All necessary construction work was carried out under the leadership of architects F.G. Solntsev and P.A. Gerasimova. During the restoration work, eclectic decoration in the style of the 17th century was introduced into the architectural design of the building, the remains of ancient painting were completely destroyed, the entrance to the temple was decorated with a portal, and a vault was made in the refectory and a lantern was made.
The rebuilt church was included in the palace churches and services began to be held in it - once a year, on Lazarus Saturday before Palm Sunday. At the end of the 19th and the very beginning of the 20th century, church services were held on Sundays and holidays. And the highest officials of the palace came to see them. Before Easter Matins, a religious procession was usually performed along the winding passages of the palace corridors around the church premises.
This temple is notable for the fact that in 1862 Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy and Sofya Andreevna Bers, who was the daughter of the court physician of Emperor Alexander II, were married there.
